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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
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| 1 | Vivi Li | -- | 1193 | 2022-12-01 01:43:26 |
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A Frost diagram or Frost–Ebsworth diagram is a type of graph used by inorganic chemists in electrochemistry to illustrate the relative stability of a number of different oxidation states of a particular substance. The graph illustrates the free energy vs oxidation state of a chemical species. This effect is dependent on pH, so this parameter also must be included. The free energy is determined by the oxidation–reduction half-reactions. The Frost diagram allows easier comprehension of these reduction potentials than the earlier-designed Latimer diagram, because the “lack of additivity of potentials” was confusing. The free energy ΔG° is related to reduction potential E in the graph by given formula: ΔG° = −nFE° or nE° = −ΔG°/F, where n is the number of transferred electrons, and F is Faraday constant (F = 96,485 J/(V·mol)). The Frost diagram is named after Arthur Atwater Frost (de), who originally created it as a way to "show both free energy and oxidation potential data conveniently" in a 1951 paper.
References
- Frost, Arthur (1951). "Oxidation Potential–Free Energy Diagrams". Journal of the American Chemical Society 73 (6): 2680–2682. doi:10.1021/ja01150a074. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01150a074
- Shriver (2010). Inorganic Chemistry. W. H. Freeman & Co..
- Villafañe, F. (2009). "Where Is Ozone in the Frost Diagram?". Journal of Chemical Education 86 (4): 432. doi:10.1021/ed086p432. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed086p432. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- Phillips, C. S. G. (1965). Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University. pp. 314–321. https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist0002phil.
- Martínez de Illarduya, Jesús M.; Villafane, Fernando (June 1994). "A Warning for Frost Diagram Users". Journal of Chemical Education 71 (6): 480–482. doi:10.1021/ed071p480. Bibcode: 1994JChEd..71..480M. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fed071p480
