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HandWiki. Glossolalia. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37445 (accessed on 16 September 2026).
HandWiki. Glossolalia. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37445. Accessed September 16, 2026.
HandWiki. "Glossolalia" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37445 (accessed September 16, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, December 01). Glossolalia. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37445
HandWiki. "Glossolalia." Encyclopedia. Web. 01 December, 2022.
Glossolalia
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Glossolalia

Glossolalia or speaking in tongues is a phenomenon in which people speak words that are apparently in languages unknown to the speaker. One definition used by linguists is the fluid vocalizing of speech-like syllables that lack any readily comprehended meaning, in some cases as part of religious practice in which it is believed to be a divine language unknown to the speaker. Glossolalia is practiced in Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity as well as in other religions. Sometimes a distinction is made between "glossolalia" and "xenolalia" or "xenoglossy", which specifically designates when the language being spoken is a natural language previously unknown to the speaker. This distinction is not universally made, and the New Testament of the Bible mentions the phenomenon in at least one passage in reference to speaking in languages known to others but not to the speakers.

glossolalia natural language xenolalia

References

  1. γλῶσσα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dglw%3Dssa
  2. λαλέω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dlale%2Fw
  3. Mark 16:17 in Wycliffe's Bible https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2016:17–16:17&version=53
  4. Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed, 1989
  5. Samarin, William J. (1972). Tongues of Men and Angels: The Religious Language of Pentecostalism. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 308527.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/308527
  6. Samarin, William J. (1972). Tongues of Men and Angels: The Religious Language of Pentecostalism. New York: Macmillan. p. 120. OCLC 308527.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/308527
  7. Samarin, William J. (1972). "Sociolinguistic vs. Neurophysiological Explanations for Glossolalia: Comment on Goodman's Paper". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 11 (3): 293–96. doi:10.2307/1384556.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1384556
  8. Goodman, Felicitas D. (1969). "Phonetic Analysis of Glossolalia in Four Cultural Settings". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 8 (2): 227–35. doi:10.2307/1384336.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1384336
  9. New Zealand Linguistic Society: Heather Kavan Massey University: Heather Kavan “We don't know what we're saying, but it's profound” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242187721_WE_DON'T_KNOW_WHAT_WE'RE_SAYING_BUT_IT'S_PROFOUND_THE_LANGUAGE_AND_CONTEXTS_OF_GLOSSOLALIA
  10. Samarin, William J. (1972). Tongues of Men and Angels: The Religious Language of Pentecostalism. New York: Macmillan. p. 128. OCLC 308527.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/308527
  11. Samarin, William J. (1972). Tongues of Men and Angels: The Religious Language of Pentecostalism. New York: Macmillan. p. 2. OCLC 308527.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/308527
  12. Goodman, Felicitas D. (1972). Speaking in Tongues: A Cross-Cultural Study in Glossolalia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-30324-6. OCLC 393056. https://archive.org/details/speakingintongue00feli. 
  13. Martin 1995, pp. 88–89.
  14. Martin 1995, p. 90.
  15. Martin 1995, p. 91.
  16. Warfield, Benjamin B. (1918). Counterfeit Miracles. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-85151-166-5. OCLC 3977281. "The writings of the so-called Apostolic Fathers contain no clear and certain allusions to miracle working or to the exercise of the charismatic gifts, contemporaneously with themselves."  https://archive.org/details/counterfeitmira02warfgoog/page/n21
  17. Saint Patrick. Confessio, sections 24 and 25.
  18. Bernard, Sermones de ascensione I.2.
  19. "PREMIER SERMON POUR LE JOUR DE L'ASCENSION. Sur l'Evangile du jour. 3. Il y des signes plus certains et des miracles plus salutaires que ceux-là, ce sont les mérites. Et je ne crois pas qu'il soit difficile de savoir en quel sens on doit entendre les miracles dont il est parlé en cet endroit, pour qu'ils soient des signes certains de foi, et par conséquent de salut. En effet, la première oeuvre de la foi, opérant par la charité, c'est la componction de l'âme, car elle chasse évidemment les démons, en déracinant les péchés de notre coeur. Quant aux langues nouvelles que doivent parler les hommes, qui croient en Jésus-Christ, cela a lieu, lorsque le langage du vieil homme cesse de se trouver sur nos lèvres, et que nous ne parlons plus la langue antique de nos premiers parents, qui cherchaient dans des paroles pleines de malice à s'excuser de leurs péchés." http://www.abbaye-saint-benoit.ch/saints/bernard/tome03/homtemps/paques/paques007.htm
  20. L. Carlyle, May (February 1956). "A Survey of Glossolalia and Related Phenomena in NonChristian Religions". American Anthropologist 58 (1): 75. https://sciencedocbox.com/Paranormal_Phenomena/84364754-E-words-has-long-been-of-interest-to-students-of-religion-the-books-of-cutten.html. Retrieved 30 November 2019. 
  21. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Question 176.
  22. Burgess, Stanley M. (1991). "Medieval and Modern Western Churches". Initial evidence: historical and biblical perspectives on the Pentecostal doctrine of spirit baptism. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-943575-41-4. OCLC 24380326.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24380326
  23. Lacy, John (1707). A Cry from the Desert. p. 32. OCLC 81008302.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/81008302
  24. Hamilton, Michael Pollock (1975). The charismatic movement. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-8028-3453-9. OCLC 1008209. https://archive.org/details/charismaticmovem00hami/page/75. 
  25. Burrough, Edward (1831) [1659]. "Epistle to the Reader" in Fox, George. The great mystery of the great whore unfolded; and Antichrist's kingdom revealed unto destruction. The Works of George Fox. 3. p. 13. OCLC 12877488. https://archive.org/details/worksgeorgefox09foxgoog/page/n17
  26. Hogue, Richard (2010). Tongues: A Theological History of Christian Glossolalia. Tate Publishing. p. 211. 
  27. Irving, Edward (January 1832). "Facts Connected With Recent Manifestations of Spiritual Gifts". Fraser's Magazine 4 (24): 754–61. https://books.google.com/books?id=mFPPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA754&lpg=PA754. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  28. Carlyle, Gavin, ed (1865). "On the Gifts of the Holy Ghost". The Collected Writings of Edward Irving (Volume 5 ed.). Alexander Strahan. p. 548. https://books.google.com/books?id=HS8aAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA548. Retrieved 12 January 2017. 
  29. "SPEAKING IN TONGUES AND THE MORMON CHURCH.". Archived from the original on 17 August 2000. https://web.archive.org/web/20000817001900/http://www.frontiernet.net/~bcmmin/tongue1.htm. 
  30. "Speaking in Tongues" (MediaWiki). Archived from the original on 17 October 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081017181936/http://www.mormonwiki.com/Speaking_in_Tongues. 
  31. Copeland, Lee. "Speaking in Tongues in the Restoration Churches". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 24 (1). 
  32. (in English) The Encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1999. p. 415. ISBN 978-9004116955. "While in Houston, Texas, where he had moved his headquarters, Parham came into contact with William Seymour (1870–1922), an African-American Baptist-Holiness preacher. Seymour took from Parham the teaching that the baptism of the Holy Spirit was not the blessing of sanctification but rather a third work of grace that was accompanied by the experience of tongues." 
  33. Square brackets indicate faded parts that are no longer readable.
  34. D. Swincer, Tongues: Genuine Biblical Languages: A Careful Construct of the Nature, Purpose, and Operation of the Gift of Tongues for the Church (2016) pp. 88–90
  35. Faupel, D. William. GLOSSOLALIA AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE:AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY PENTECOSTAL CLAIM. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050429071428/http://wesley.nnu.edu/wesleyan_theology/theojrnl/31-35/31-1-05.htm. Retrieved 2005-04-27. 
  36. P. Harris, 'Spoken By the Spirit: Documented Accounts of "Other Tongues" From Arabic to Zulu' (1973)
  37. Example: Christenson, Laurence, Speaking in tongues : and its significance for the church, Minneapolis, MN : Dimension Books, 1968.
  38. Example: Gromacki, Robert Glenn, The Modern Tongues Movement, Nutley, N.J. : Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1973, ISBN:0-87552-304-8 (Originally published 1967)
  39. Grudem, Wayne A. (1994). Systematic theology: an introduction to biblical doctrine. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press. p. 1070. ISBN 978-0-85110-652-6. OCLC 29952151.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29952151
  40. General Presbytery of the Assemblies of God (11 August 2000). "The Baptism in the Holy Spirit: The Initial Experience and Continuing Evidences of the Spirit-Filled Life". General Council of the Assemblies of God of the United States. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081217141421/http://ag.org/top/Beliefs/Position_Papers/pp_downloads/pp_4185_spirit-filled_life.pdf. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  41. Grudem, Wayne A. (1994). Systematic theology: an introduction to biblical doctrine. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press. p. 1072. ISBN 978-0-85110-652-6. OCLC 29952151.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29952151
  42. Carey, Benedict (7 November 2006). "A Neuroscientific Look at Speaking in Tongues". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/07/health/07brain.html. 
  43. Assemblies of God (1961). "Statement of Fundamental Truths". General Council of the Assemblies of God of the United States. Archived from the original on 19 June 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060619112828/http://ag.org/top/Beliefs/Statement_of_Fundamental_Truths/sft.pdf. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  44. "Baptism with the Holy Spirit". christians.eu. http://www.christians.eu/holy-spirit-baptism/. 
  45. Grudem, Wayne A. (1994). Systematic theology: an introduction to biblical doctrine. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press. p. 1073. ISBN 978-0-85110-652-6. OCLC 29952151.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29952151
  46. Masters, Peter; John C. Whitcomb (1988). The Charismatic Phenomenon. London: Wakeman Trust. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-870855-01-3. OCLC 20720229. https://archive.org/details/charismaticpheno0000mast/page/49. 
  47. Johns, Donald A. (1988). Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. p. 788. ISBN 978-0-310-44100-7. OCLC 18496801.  Cited by Riss, Richard M. (28 July 1995). "Singing in the Spirit in the Holiness, Pentecostal, Latter Rain, and Charismatic Movements". http://www.pctii.org/arc/riss.html. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  48. Alford, Delton L. (1988). Dictionary of Pentecostal and charismatic movements. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. p. 690. ISBN 978-0-310-44100-7. OCLC 18496801.  Cited by Riss, Richard M. (28 July 1995). "Singing in the Spirit in the Holiness, Pentecostal, Latter Rain, and Charismatic Movements". http://www.pctii.org/arc/riss.html. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  49. "Questions about Tongues". General Council of the Assemblies of God of the United States. 2009. Archived from the original on 13 June 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060613065932/http://ag.org/top/Beliefs/baptmhs_faq_tongues.cfm. Retrieved 10 June 2009. 
  50. Grudem, Wayne A. (1994). Systematic theology: an introduction to biblical doctrine. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press. p. 1075. ISBN 978-0-85110-652-6. OCLC 29952151.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29952151
  51. Masters, Peter; John C. Whitcomb (1988). The Charismatic Phenomenon. London: Wakeman Trust. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-870855-01-3. OCLC 20720229. https://archive.org/details/charismaticpheno0000mast/page/106. 
  52. (in English) The West Tennessee Historical Society Papers – Issue 56. West Tennessee Historical Society.. 2002. p. 41. "Seymour's holiness background suggests that Pentecostalism had roots in the holiness movement of the late nineteenth century. The holiness movement embraced the Wesleyan doctrine of "sanctification" or the second work of grace, subsequent to conversion. Pentecostalism added a third work of grace, called the baptism of the Holy Ghost, which is often accompanied by glossolalia." 
  53. Casanova, Amanda (6 April 2018). "10 Things Christians Should Know about the Pentecostal Church". https://www.christianity.com/church/denominations/10-things-christians-should-know-about-pentecostalism.html. Retrieved 2 December 2019. 
  54. Wright, N. T. (2008). Acts for Everyone, Part One. Louisville: WJK. pp. 210–211. 
  55. Richardson, William Edwin (June 1983). "Liturgical Order and Glossolalia. 1 Corinthians 14:26c–33a and its Implications". https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1137&context=dissertations. Retrieved 2 December 2019. 
  56. Gee, Donald (1993). Pentecostal Experience. Springfield, MO: Gospel Publishing House. p. 154. ISBN 978-0882434544. 
  57. Chantry, Walter J. (1973). Signs of the Apostles. Edinburgh, Scotland: Banner of Truth Trust. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0851511757. 
  58. "Tongues – The Language of the Holy Spirit". http://abidingplace.org/the-word/tongues-the-language-of-the-holy-spirit.html. Retrieved 2017-03-16. 
  59. Fr. Seraphim Rose: Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future, St Herman Press
  60. Whelan, Christal (2007). "Shifting Paradigms and Mediating Media: Redefining a New Religion as "Rational" in Contemporary Society". Nova Religio 10 (3): 54–72. doi:10.1525/nr.2007.10.3.54.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Fnr.2007.10.3.54
  61. Gerry Kennedy, Rob Churchill (2004). The Voynich Manuscript. London: Orion. ISBN 978-0-7528-5996-5. 
  62. Mendez, Mario F. (2018-01-01). "Non-Neurogenic Language Disorders: A Preliminary Classification". Psychosomatics 59 (1): 28–35. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2017.08.006. ISSN 0033-3182. PMID 28911819.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5748000
  63. Newberg, Andrew B.; Wintering, Nancy A.; Morgan, Donna; Waldman, Mark R. (2006-11-22). "The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow during glossolalia: A preliminary SPECT study". Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 148 (1): 67–71. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.07.001. ISSN 0925-4927. PMID 17046214.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pscychresns.2006.07.001
  64. "Language Center of the Brain Is Not Under the Control of Subjects Who "Speak in Tongues" – PR News". https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2006/october/language-center-of-the-brain-i. 
  65. Lynn, Christopher Dana; Paris, Jason; Frye, Cheryl Anne; Schell, Lawrence M. (2010). "Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Cortisol Among Pentecostals on a Worship and Nonworship Day". American Journal of Human Biology 22 (6): 819–822. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21088. ISSN 1042-0533. PMID 20878966.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3609410
  66. Wood, William W. (1965). Culture and personality aspects of the Pentecostal holiness religion. Mouton (IS). OCLC 797731718.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797731718
  67. Hine, Virginia H. (1969). "Pentecostal Glossolalia toward a Functional Interpretation". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 8 (2): 211–226. doi:10.2307/1384335. ISSN 0021-8294.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1384335
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