Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Vivi Li -- 10094 2022-11-30 01:43:56

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Removal of Confederate Monuments and Memorials. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37238 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Removal of Confederate Monuments and Memorials. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37238. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Removal of Confederate Monuments and Memorials" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37238 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 30). Removal of Confederate Monuments and Memorials. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37238
HandWiki. "Removal of Confederate Monuments and Memorials." Encyclopedia. Web. 30 November, 2022.
Removal of Confederate Monuments and Memorials
Edit
The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials

For decades in the U.S., there have been isolated incidents of removal of Confederate monuments and memorials, although generally opposed in public opinion polls, and several U.S. States have passed laws over 115 years to hinder or prohibit further removals. In the wake of the Charleston church shooting in June 2015, several municipalities in the United States removed monuments and memorials on public property dedicated to the Confederate States of America. The momentum accelerated in August 2017 after the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia. The removals were driven by the belief that the monuments glorify white supremacy and memorialize a government whose founding principle was the perpetuation and expansion of slavery. Many of those who object to the removals, like President Trump, claim that the artifacts are part of the cultural heritage of the United States. Detractors claim that the vast majority of these Confederate monuments were built during the era of Jim Crow (1877–1954) and the Civil Rights Movement (1954–1968) not as memorials but as a means of intimidating African Americans and reaffirming white supremacy. The monuments have thus become highly politicized; according to Eleanor Harvey, a senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and a scholar of Civil War history: "If white nationalists and neo-Nazis are now claiming this as part of their heritage, they have essentially co-opted those images and those statues beyond any capacity to neutralize them again". Civil War historian James I. Robertson Jr. referred to the current climate to dismantle or destroy Confederate monuments as an "age of idiocy" and motivated by "elements hell-bent on tearing apart unity that generations of Americans have painfully constructed" and the monuments were not a "Jim Crow signal of defiance." In some Southern states, state law restricts or prohibits altogether the removal or alteration of public Confederate monuments. According to Stan Deaton, senior historian at the Georgia Historical Society, "These laws are the Old South imposing its moral and its political views on us forever more. This is what led to the Civil War, and it still divides us as a country. We have competing visions not only about the future but about the past." As Southern novelist William Faulkner famously put it, in the American South "the past is never dead. It's not even past."

state law neo-nazis memorials

References

  1. Gunter, Booth; Kizzire, Jamie (April 21, 2016). "Whose heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". in Gunter, Booth. https://www.splcenter.org/20160421/whose-heritage-public-symbols-confederacy. "In an effort to assist the efforts of local communities to re-examine these symbols, the SPLC launched a study to catalog them. For the final tally [of 1,503], the researchers excluded nearly 2,600 markers, battlefields, museums, cemeteries and other places or symbols that are largely historical in nature." 
  2. Graham (2016) "Many of the treasured monuments that seem to offer a connection to the post-bellum South are actually much later, anachronistic constructions, and they tend to correlate closely with periods of fraught racial relations".[17]
  3. Graham (2016) "A timeline of the genesis of the Confederate sites shows two notable spikes. One comes around the turn of the 20th century, just after Plessy v. Ferguson, and just as many Southern states were establishing repressive race laws. The second runs from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s—the peak of the civil-rights movement."[4][17]
  4. "Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 21, 2016. https://www.splcenter.org/20160421/whose-heritage-public-symbols-confederacy. "The second spike began in the early 1950s and lasted through the 1960s, as the civil rights movement led to a backlash among segregationists. These two periods also coincided with the 50th and 100th anniversaries of the Civil War" 
  5. "Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". April 21, 2016. https://www.splcenter.org/20160421/whose-heritage-public-symbols-confederacy. 
  6. "Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A 'White Supremacist Future'". https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544266880/confederate-statues-were-built-to-further-a-white-supremacist-future. Retrieved September 23, 2017. 
  7. Cox, Karen L. (August 16, 2017). "Analysis – The whole point of Confederate monuments is to celebrate white supremacy". https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/08/16/the-whole-point-of-confederate-monuments-is-to-celebrate-white-supremacy/. Retrieved September 23, 2017. 
  8. "Durham Confederate statue: tribute to dying veterans or political tool of Jim Crow South?". https://www.heraldsun.com/news/local/counties/durham-county/article167619947.html. Retrieved September 23, 2017. 
  9. "Why the U.S. Capitol Still Hosts Confederate Monuments". August 17, 2017. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/08/charlottesville-confederate-memorials-civil-war-racism-history/. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  10. American Historical Association, AHA Statement on Confederate Monuments (August 2017) https://www.historians.org/news-and-advocacy/statements-and-resolutions-of-support-and-protest/aha-statement-on-confederate-monuments
  11. "Regime Change in Charlottesville". https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/08/16/regime-change-in-charlottesville-215500. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  12. Munshi, Neil (August 17, 2017). "Trump says it is 'foolish' to remove Confederate symbols". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/e7496854-82a1-11e7-a4ce-15b2513cb3ff. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  13. Stoilas, Helen; Stapley-Brown, Victoria (August 17, 2017). "Charlottesville riot hastens removal of Confederate monuments throughout the US". The Art Newspaper. https://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/charlottesville-riot-hastens-removal-of-confederate-monuments-throughout-the-us/. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  14. Confederate Monuments and Civic Values in the Wake of Charlottesville. Dell Upton, Society of American Historians, 13 September 2017 https://www.sah.org/publications-and-research/sah-blog/sah-blog/2017/09/13/confederate-monuments-and-civic-values-in-the-wake-of-charlottesville
  15. McKenney, Frank M., The Standing Army: History of Georgia's County Confederate Monuments, WH Wolfe Associates, Alpharetta, Georgia, 1993 p. ix
  16. McKenney 1993, p. 1.
  17. McKenney 1993, p. 5.
  18. Confederate monuments: What to do with them?. Grier, Peter. Christian Science Monitor, 22 August 2017 https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2017/0822/Confederate-monuments-What-to-do-with-them
  19. Seigler, Robert S., A Guide to Confederate Monuments in South Carolina: Passing the Cup, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1997 p. 10
  20. "Team - ARCH International". ARCH International. https://www.archinternational.org/team/. 
  21. Benard, Cheryl. "Destroying Confederate Monuments Hurts Us All—and Accomplishes Nothing". The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/destroying-confederate-monuments-hurts-us-all%E2%80%94-accomplishes-22142. 
  22. "Charlottesville covers Confederate statues with black shrouds". August 23, 2017. https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/08/23/charlottesville-covers-robert-e-lee-stonewall-jackson-statues-with-black-shroud.html. Retrieved September 27, 2017. 
  23. Simon, Darran (May 19, 2017). "New Orleans removes Gen. Robert E. Lee statue". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/19/us/new-orleans-confederate-monuments/index.html. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  24. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Rosenthal, Brian M. (August 12, 2017). "Man Charged After White Nationalist Rally in Charlottesville Ends in Deadly Violence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/12/us/charlottesville-protest-white-nationalist.html. 
  25. Fandos, Nicholas; Goldman, Russell (August 16, 2017). "Baltimore Removes Confederate Statues; Mayor Cites Public Safety". https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/us/baltimore-confederate-statues.html. Retrieved August 16, 2017. 
  26. "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight". August 16, 2017. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-monuments-removed-20170816-story.html. 
  27. Suerth, Jessica (August 16, 2017). "Here are the Confederate memorials that will be removed after Charlottesville". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/us/confederate-memorial-removal-us-trnd/index.html. Retrieved August 16, 2017. 
  28. Holland, Jesse J. (August 15, 2017). "Deadly rally accelerates ongoing removal of Confederate statues across U.S.". https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-confederate-statue-removal-20170815-story.html. 
  29. "The state leading the way in removing Confederate monuments? Texas". https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/06/05/us/confederate-monuments-texas-trnd/index.html. 
  30. Callihan, Ryan (September 29, 2018). "Confederate monument activists say Manatee government is being shady. Records say otherwise". Bradenton Herald. https://www.bradenton.com/news/local/article219239035.html. 
  31. Ross, Janell (August 17, 2017). "Eight people charged for toppling Confederate statue in Durham as scores line up to confess". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/17/eight-people-charged-for-toppling-confederate-statue-in-durham-as-scores-line-up-to-confess/. 
  32. Reynolds, Jacob (August 17, 2017). "Georgia State Law Makes It Difficult to Completely Remove or Hide Confederate Monuments". WMAZ. https://www.wmaz.com/mobile/article/mobile/article/news\local/georgia-state-law-makes-It-Difficult-to-Completely-Remove-or-Hide-Confederate-Monuments/93-464932603. 
  33. Hrynkiw, Ivana (April 13, 2018). "AG, Birmingham attorneys argue over Confederate memorial". Birmingham News. https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2018/04/ag_birmingham_attorneys_argue.html. 
  34. Waggoner, Martha (April 13, 2018). "Historians: Civil War statues need context, should be moved". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/historians-civil-war-statues-need-context-should-be-moved/2018/04/13/69e07902-3f43-11e8-955b-7d2e19b79966_story.html. 
  35. Bonner, Lynn (September 8, 2017a). "NC governor has a new site in mind for 3 Confederate monuments on Capitol grounds". News & Observer. https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article172115977.html. 
  36. Fandos, Nicholas; Fausset, Richard; Blinder, Alan (2017-08-16). "Charlottesville Violence Spurs New Resistance to Confederate Symbols". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/us/charlottesville-violence-spurs-new-resistance-to-confederate-symbols.html. 
  37. Meyer, Holly (August 17, 2017). "Why removing Confederate monuments in Tennessee is not an easy process". The Tennessean. https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2017/08/17/why-removing-confederate-monuments-tennessee-not-easy-process/573067001/. 
  38. Lohr, David (May 31, 2018). "This Is Why Another Confederate Statue Won't Come Down In Tennessee". Huffington Post. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/tennessee-confederate-statues_us_5b0f1b77e4b05ef4c22a7796. 
  39. Renkl, Margaret (January 29, 2018). "A Monument the Old South Would Like to Ignore". New York Times.  https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Times
  40. Wahlers, Kasi E.. "North Carolina's Heritage Protection Act: Cementing Confederate Monuments in North Carolina's Landscape". North Carolina Law Review 94 (6): pp. 2176–2200. http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol94/iss6/8?utm_source=scholarship.law.unc.edu%2Fnclr%2Fvol94%2Fiss6%2F8&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages. 
  41. Holpuch, Amanda (2015-07-10). "Confederate flag removed from South Carolina capitol in victory for activists". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/10/confederate-flag-south-carolina-statehouse. 
  42. "A majority of Americans want to preserve Confederate monuments: Reuters/Ipsos poll". August 21, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-protests-poll/a-majority-of-americans-want-to-preserve-confederate-monuments-reuters-ipsos-poll-idUSKCN1B12EG. 
  43. "Reuters/Ipsos Data: Confederate Monuments". https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/reuters-ipsos-confederate-monuments-2017-08-22. 
  44. Edwards-Levy, Ariel (August 23, 2017). "Polls Find Little Support For Confederate Statue Removal -- But How You Ask Matters". https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/confederate-statues-removal-polls_us_599de056e4b05710aa59841c. 
  45. "HuffPost: Confederate Flag, August 15 - 16, 2017 - 1000 US Adults". https://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/tabsHPConfederateFlag20170815.pdf. 
  46. Kytle, Ethan J.; Roberts, Blain (August 22, 2018). "Broken Tributes to a Morally Bankrupt Cause". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/opinion/silent-sam-confederate-monument-north-carolina.html. 
  47. McLeod, Ethan (August 17, 2017). "Someone Toppled the 'Madre Luz' Sculpture that Briefly Replaced Baltimore's Lee-Jackson Monument". Baltimore Fishbowl. https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/someone-toppled-the-madre-luz-sculpture-that-briefly-replaced-baltimores-lee-jackson-monument/. Retrieved September 29, 2018. 
  48. Harvey, Steve (August 31, 2018). "'Madre Luz'". Another Chicago Magazine. https://anotherchicagomagazine.net/2018/08/31/madre-luz-by-steven-harvey/. 
  49. Associated Press (August 1, 2000). "Confederate general's name removed from Army's road". Deseret News. https://www.deseretnews.com/article/774778/Confederate-generals-name-removed-from-Armys-road.html?pg=all. 
  50. Charles, Dean (24 June 2015). "Alabama Gov. Bentley removes Confederate flags from Capitol grounds". The Birmingham News. https://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2015/06/confederate_flag_removed_from.html. Retrieved 24 June 2015. 
  51. Suerth, Jessica. "Confederate statues and memorials to be removed across US". Amp.cnn.com. https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2017/08/15/us/confederate-memorial-removal-us-trnd/index.html. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  52. Edgemon, Erin (July 16, 2016). "Alabama police officer crashes into Confederate Monument while on patrol". https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2016/07/alabama_police_officer_crashes.html. 
  53. Montgomery, David (August 6, 2017). "A car crash topples a Confederate statue – and forces a Southern town to confront its past". The Week. https://theweek.com/articles/716252/car-crash-topples-confederate-statue--forces-southern-town-confront-past. 
  54. Demer, Lisa (July 2, 2015). "Wade Hampton no more: Alaska census area named for confederate officer gets new moniker". Alaska Dispatch News. https://www.adn.com/article/20150702/wade-hampton-no-more-alaska-census-area-named-confederate-officer-gets-new-moniker. Retrieved July 2, 2015. 
  55. "Fort Smith Educators Target 'Dixie,' Rebel Mascot". Southwest Times Record. https://www.swtimes.com/news/fort-smith-educators-target-dixie-rebel-mascot. 
  56. Barnes, Steve (2015-10-20). "Arkansas capital renames street long known as Confederate Boulevard". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arkansas-confederate-idUSKCN0SF02920151021. 
  57. Template:California's Geographic Names
  58. error
  59. "Salinas' Confederate Corners renamed Springtown". The Salinas Californian. https://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/2018/05/18/salinas-confederate-corners-renamed-springtown/623155002/. 
  60. Epstein, Jennifer Rice (July 19, 2016). "Long Beach to Rename Three Schools". The Grunion (Long Beach, California). https://www.gazettes.com/news/long-beach-to-rename-three-schools/article_43edd8fe-4dd0-11e6-8af7-234d98574d53.html. Retrieved August 16, 2017. 
  61. Harvey, Steve (May 29, 2010). "Southern California does indeed have a Civil War history". The Los Angeles Times. https://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/29/local/la-me-0530-then-20100529. Retrieved July 11, 2017. "So will Hollywood Forever Cemetery, where the Long Beach chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy maintains a Confederate monument." 
  62. Bosman, Julie (September 21, 2017). "Battle Over Confederate Monuments Moves to the Cemeteries". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/21/us/confederate-monuments-cemeteries.html. 
  63. FOX. "Confederate monument at Hollywood Forever Cemetery to be removed". https://www.foxla.com/news/local-news/274054184-story. 
  64. McCormick, Chris (2017-08-24). "My California high school had a Confederate mascot". The Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-mccormick-antelope-valley-confederate-20170824-story.html. 
  65. Magee, Maureen (May 23, 2016). "Robert E. Lee school name changed". The San Diego Union-Tribune. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/education/sdut-robert-e-lee-is-history-2016may23-story.html. Retrieved August 16, 2017. 
  66. "J. D. Highway". August 16, 2017. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170816163806/https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~caudc/jdhway.htm. Retrieved August 19, 2017. 
  67. Christopher Ward (June 1, 2013). "Christopher Ward on Twitter: "This morning we removed plaque in @HortonPlazaPark honoring Jefferson Davis. Monuments to bigotry have no place in #SanDiego – or anywhere!"". Twitter.com. https://twitter.com/ChrisWardD3/status/897853289374425088. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  68. Taylor Jr., Otis R. (2017-08-18). "Bay Area isn't above the Confederacy fray: High school scrubs Rebel mascot". The San Francisco Chronicle. https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Bay-Area-isn-t-above-the-Confederacy-fray-High-11882682.php. 
  69. Ford, Matt. "Why Are Confederate Statues Still Displayed in the Capitol?". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/confederate-statues-congress/536760/. 
  70. Capps, Kriston (June 19, 2015). "Texas Built a Confederate Memorial on a Street Named for Martin Luther King Jr.". CityLab. https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/06/texas-built-a-confederate-memorial-on-a-street-named-for-martin-luther-king-jr/396344/. 
  71. Montgomery, David (April 11, 2011). "Traces of the Confederacy in Washington, not all gone with the wind". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/traces-of-the-confederacy-in-washington-not-all-gone-with-the-wind/2011/03/21/AFWqh2JD_story.html. 
  72. Boorstein, Michelle (2017-09-06). "Washington National Cathedral to remove stained glass windows honoring Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson". https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/09/06/washington-national-cathedral-to-remove-stained-glass-windows-honoring-robert-e-lee-stonewall-jackson/. 
  73. Elias, Dave (August 18, 2017). "Fort Myers mayor considering options for removing Civil War pieces". https://www.nbc-2.com/story/36170127/fort-myers-mayor-considering-options-for-removing-civil-war-pieces. 
  74. Associated Press, "Florida Senate plans to remove Confederate flag from seal", Sun-Sentinel, October 19, 2015.
  75. "Flsenate Archive: Information Center > About the Legislature". http://archive.flsenate.gov/cgi-bin/View_Page.pl?Mode=Archives&Tab=info_center&submenu=7&File=index.cfm&Directory=Info_Center/Archive/&Location=app. Retrieved 28 August 2017. 
  76. Morse, Hannah (August 22, 2017). "Commission votes to move Confederate monument from courthouse". Bradenton Herald. https://www.bradenton.com/news/local/article168613042.html. 
  77. cite web|url=http://www.flpublicarchaeology.org/civilwar/monuments/in-memory-of-our-confederate-soldiers-bradenton%7Ctitle=In Memory of Our Confederate Soldiers|website=Florida Public Archaeology Network|publisher=University of West Florida|access-date=August 22, 2017}}
  78. "While moving it in the middle of the night, crews break Confederate monument". https://www.bradenton.com/news/local/article169053722.html. 
  79. Widener, Ralph W. (1982). Confederate monuments: Enduring symbols of the South and the War Between the States. Andromeda Associates. OCLC 8697924.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8697924
  80. Spring, Mike (August 18, 2017). "Daytona Beach: Confederate plaques removed from Riverfront Park". WFTV 9 ABC. https://www.wftv.com/news/local/daytona-beach-confederate-plaques-removed-from-riverfront-park/594735420. 
  81. Scott, Brian (August 18, 2017). "Daytona Beach removes Confederate monuments - Story | WOFL". https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/local-news/daytona-beach-removes-confederate-monuments. "Three Confederate monuments were removed from a city park in Daytona Beach Friday morning." 
  82. Silva, Daniella (August 15, 2017). "National Battle Over Confederate Monuments Renewed After Charlottesville Violence". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/national-battle-over-confederate-monuments-renewed-after-charlottesville-violence-n792716. 
  83. Tinker, Cleveland. "County votes to offer 'Old Joe' to United Daughters of Confederacy". Gainesville Sun. https://www.gainesville.com/news/20170523/county-votes-to-offer-old-joe-to-united-daughters-of-confederacy. 
  84. Caplan, Andrew. "Confederate statue removed from downtown Gainesville". https://www.gainesville.com/news/20170814/confederate-statue-removed-from-downtown-gainesville. 
  85. Bryan, Susannah (April 3, 2018). "Hollywood's Confederate street signs finally coming down". Sun-Sentinel. https://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/hollywood/fl-sb-confederate-street-signs-replaced-20180402-story.html. 
  86. "Florida high school at last breaks ties with Confederate past" (in en-us). December 17, 2013. http://www.tampabay.com/news/bizarre/florida-high-school-at-last-breaks-ties-with-confederate-past/2157422. 
  87. Strauss, Valerie (December 16, 2013). "School named after KKK grand wizard to be renamed — finally". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/12/16/school-named-after-kkk-grand-wizard-to-be-renamed-finally/. 
  88. Pearson, Michael (December 17, 2013). "Florida school will drop Confederate Nathan B. Forrest's name". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2013/12/17/us/florida-school-name-change/index.html. 
  89. Kelly, Jason (July 4, 2017). "Watch: Crews remove Confederate statue from Lake Eola Park". https://www.wftv.com/news/local/watch-crews-remove-confederate-statue-from-lake-eola-park/536159831. 
  90. Frago, Charlie (August 15, 2017). "Kriseman removes Confederate marker from St. Pete's waterfront". Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170816020611/https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/baybuzz/st-pete-confederate-marker-on-waterfront-remains-mystery/2333756. 
  91. "St. Pete Mayor Orders Removal Of Confederate Marker". August 16, 2017. https://wusfnews.wusf.usf.edu/post/st-pete-mayor-orders-removal-confederate-marker#stream/0. 
  92. Clark, Kristen M. (October 19, 2015). "Florida Senate jettisons Confederate battle flag from seal". Tampa Bay Times. https://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/stateroundup/confederate-battle-flag-will-be-removed-from-florida-senate-seal/2250354. 
  93. "Flsenate Archive: Information Center > About the Legislature". https://archive.flsenate.gov/cgi-bin/View_Page.pl?Mode=Archives&Tab=info_center&submenu=7&File=index.cfm&Directory=Info_Center/Archive/&Location=app. Retrieved August 23, 2017. 
  94. "These 5 states still use Confederate symbols in their flags". https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/these-5-states-still-use-confederate-symbols-their-flags. 
  95. Contorno, Steve (June 17, 2017). "For Tampa's Confederate monument, racist history clouds claims of heritage". Tampa Bay Times. https://www.tbo.com/news/humaninterest/for-tampas-confederate-monument-racist-history-clouds-claims-of-heritage/2327512. 
  96. White, D'Ann Lawrence (March 22, 2018). "Confederate Statue Gets New Home In Brandon Family Cemetery". Brandon Patch. https://patch.com/florida/brandon/confederate-statue-gets-new-home-brandon-family-cemetery. 
  97. Marrero, Tony (September 4, 2017). "How to move a 14-ton, century old Confederate monument". Tampa Bay Times. https://www.tampabay.com/news/localgovernment/how-to-move-a-14-ton-century-old-confederate-monument/2336051. 
  98. Marrero, Tony (September 5, 2017). "Hillsborough judge denies request for injunction to halt removal of Confederate monument in Tampa". Tampa Bay Times. https://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/civil/hillsborough-judge-denies-request-for-injunction-to-halt-removal-of/2336275. Retrieved 4 October 2017. 
  99. DiNatale, Sara (August 19, 2017). "Southern heritage groups sue to keep Confederate monument at old Tampa courthouse". Tampa Bay Times. https://www.tampabay.com/news/localgovernment/southern-heritage-groups-sue-to-keep-confederate-monument-at-old-tampa/2334438. 
  100. "Hillsborough judge denies request for injunction to halt removal of Confederate monument in Tampa". http://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/civil/hillsborough-judge-denies-request-for-injunction-to-halt-removal-of/2336275. Retrieved 4 October 2017. 
  101. Kleinberg, Eliot (August 23, 2017). "West Palm removes Confederate monument from city cemetery". Palm Beach Post. https://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/local/west-palm-removes-confederate-monument-from-city-cemetery/hoxK1t4fjh5dbQ0hxFuP1O/. 
  102. Bentzai, Maxine (August 22, 2017). "Confederate Monument Removed from Cemetery in West Palm Beach". Sun-Sentinel. 
  103. Hunash, Lisa J. (August 21, 2017). "Confederate statue to be removed from West Palm Beach cemetery". Sun-Sentinel. 
  104. Webteam, WPTV (2017-08-22). "Confederate monument removal begins in West Palm Beach". https://www.wptv.com/news/region-c-palm-beach-county/west-palm-beach/confederate-monument-removal-begins-in-west-palm-beach. 
  105. Isger, Sonja (2015-06-30). "PBC board dropped Jeff Davis' name from school 10 years ago this week | Extra Credit". The Palm Beach Post. https://extracredit.blog.palmbeachpost.com/2015/06/30/10640/. 
  106. Bluestein, Greg (September 23, 2016). "Confederate holidays booted from state calendar". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. https://www.ajc.com/news/confederate-holidays-booted-from-state-calendar/vHYIeHuXGr4wtTspPTWLxM/. 
  107. "Confederate Memorial Day is still celebrated in these states". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/04/24/confederate-memorial-day-southern-states/100835694/. 
  108. Roll, Nick (August 28, 2017). "Confederate Round-Up". Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/08/28/round-news-about-debates-higher-ed-confederate-statues-and-honors?. Retrieved August 28, 2017. 
  109. McWhirter, Cameron (February 12, 2005). "Colleges suffer identity crisis". Archived from the original on February 28, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060228062721/https://www.leonidaspolk.org/Colleges%20suffer%20identity%20crisis%20%20ajc_com.htm. 
  110. Galloway, Jim (July 15, 2015). "The city of Atlanta ends a 40-year dispute over Confederate symbolism". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. https://politics.myajc.com/blog/politics/the-city-atlanta-ends-year-dispute-over-confederate-symbolism/OfwcIl7uuFH4jxbfFbDtPO/. Retrieved May 25, 2018. 
  111. Pousner, Howard (June 16, 1985). "Stone Mountain's mass appeal also brings some tall problems". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. https://www.ajc.com/entertainment/attractions/stone-mountain-mass-appeal-also-brings-some-tall-problems/KvzUEjSDMfBbchHQfwNoWM/. Retrieved May 25, 2018. 
  112. Christen, Mike (September 18, 2018). "SCV reward grows to $10,000 for vandalized Confederate statue". Columbia Daily Herald. http://www.columbiadailyherald.com/news/20180918/scv-reward-grows-to-10000-for-vandalized-confederate-statue. 
  113. Autry, Enoch (August 31, 2018). "Confederate monument destroyed in Sylvania; reward offered". Augusta Chronicle. http://www.augustachronicle.com/news/20180831/confederate-monument-destroyed-in-sylvania-reward-offered. 
  114. "Kansas Counties: Breckinridge County, Kansas [defunct"]. The Kansas Historical Society. https://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_counties/view/county:BK. 
  115. "Confederate flag permanently out of Veterans Memorial Park". https://www.kansas.com/news/local/article43882719.html. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  116. Tanner, Beccy (November 9, 2015). "Confederate flag permanently out of Veterans Memorial Park" (in en). The Wichita Eagle. http://www.kansas.com/news/local/article43882719.html. 
  117. Reinert, Melissa (2017-08-21). "New 'Rebels' logo replaces Confederate mascot at Boone Co. High School". https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/local/florence/2017/08/21/new-rebels-logo-replaces-confederate-mascot-boone-co-high-school/587716001/. 
  118. "Confederate statue removed from University of Louisville campus rededicated in Kentucky". May 30, 2017. https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/05/30/confederate-statue-removed-from-university-louisville-campus-rededicated-in-kentucky.html. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  119. Musgrave, Beth (August 12, 2017). "Lexington mayor says Confederate statues at courthouse will be moved". Lexington Herald-Leader. https://www.kentucky.com/news/local/counties/fayette-county/article166934037.html. 
  120. Musgrave, Beth (May 26, 2017). "New Orleans relocated its Confederate monuments. What will Lexington do?". Lexington Herald Leader. http://www.kentucky.com/news/local/counties/fayette-county/article152916439.html. 
  121. "Lexington, Ky. approves plan to move Confederate monuments". https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lexington-kentucky-approves-plan-to-move-confederate-monuments/. 
  122. "Confederate Monuments Are Coming Down Across the United States. Here's a List.". The New York Times. August 28, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/16/us/confederate-monuments-removed.html. 
  123. "In a surprise move, Lexington removes controversial Confederate statues". http://www.kentucky.com/news/local/counties/fayette-county/article179392076.html. Retrieved 20 October 2017. 
  124. "In a surprise move, Lexington removes controversial Confederate statues". https://www.kentucky.com/news/local/counties/fayette-county/article179392076.html. 
  125. Jacobs, David (October 3, 2017). "Will Confederate Landmarks in Baton Rouge Become the Subject of Controversy?". 225 Magazine. https://www.225batonrouge.com/our-city/will-confederate-landmarks-baton-rouge-become-subject-controversy. 
  126. Mele, Christopher (April 24, 2017). "New Orleans Begins Removing Confederate Monuments, Under Police Guard". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/us/new-orleans-confederate-statue.html. 
  127. Robertson, Campbell (May 19, 2017). "From Lofty Perch, New Orleans Monument to Confederacy Comes Down". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/us/confederate-monument-new-orleans-lee.html. 
  128. Turque, Bill (July 24, 2017). "Confederate statue moved from Rockville courthouse over the weekend". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/confederate-statue-moved-from-rockville-courthouse-over-the-weekend/2017/07/24/cc80fae4-70a1-11e7-9eac-d56bd5568db8_story.html. 
  129. Landrieu, Mitch (March 24, 2018). "What I learned from my fight to remove Confederate monuments". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/commentisfree/2018/mar/24/new-orleans-mayor-louisiana-confederate-statues-removal-never-stop-confronting-racial-injustice. 
  130. "A monumental challenge: What to do about statues of the heroes of Dixie – and defenders of slavery [unsigned editorial"]. The Los Angeles Times. May 4, 2017. ISSN 0458-3035. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-statues-civil-war-dylann-roof-new-orleans-20170504-story.html. 
  131. "Monumental Task Committee". https://monumentaltask.org/general.php?id=4. 
  132. Applebome, Peter (May 24, 2017). "New Orleans Mayor's Message on Race". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/us/mitch-landrieu-speech-new-orleans.html. 
  133. Litten, Kevin (May 12, 2018). "2 Confederate monuments should stay in New Orleans, committee recommends to Mayor Cantrell". The Times-Picayune. http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2018/05/confederate_monuments_latoya_c_2.html. 
  134. Litten, Kevin (May 12, 2018). "2 Confederate monuments should stay in New Orleans, committee recommends to Mayor Cantrell". Times-Picayune. https://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2018/05/confederate_monuments_latoya_c_2.html. 
  135. Mele, Christopher (April 24, 2017). "New Orleans Begins Removing Confederate Monuments, Under Police Guard". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/us/new-orleans-confederate-statue.html. 
  136. Serrano, Alicia (June 29, 2015). "Who Are the other Confederate Soldiers Honored with Statues on Jefferson Davis Parkway in Mid-City?". Midcity Messenger. https://midcitymessenger.com/2015/06/29/who-are-the-other-confederate-soldiers-honored-with-statues-on-jefferson-davis-parkway-in-mid-city/. 
  137. "Jefferson Davis statue coming down overnight, parents at nearby school told". https://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2017/05/jefferson_davis_statue_in_new.html. 
  138. Rainey, Richard (June 29, 2015). "Before Lee Circle, New Orleans schools soul-searched their own ties to slavery". Times-Picayune. https://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2015/06/before_lee_circle_new_orleans.html. 
  139. Jaschik, Scott (August 21, 2017). "Off the Pedestal". Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/08/21/university-texas-and-duke-remove-lee-statues-and-bowdoin-removes-confederate-plaque?. Retrieved August 21, 2017. 
  140. Prudente, Tim (August 14, 2017). "Confederate monument in Baltimore drenched with red paint". The Baltimore Sun. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-monument-vandalized-20170814-story.html. 
  141. Grierson, Jamie (August 16, 2017). "Baltimore takes down Confederate statues in middle of night". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/16/baltimore-takes-down-confederate-statues-in-middle-of-night. 
  142. Singman, Brooke (August 24, 2017). "Nancy Pelosi's dad helped dedicate Confederate statue". The New York Post. https://nypost.com/2017/08/24/nancy-pelosis-dad-helped-dedicate-confederate-statue/. "It was May 2, 1948, when, according to a Baltimore Sun article from that day, "3,000" looked on as then-Gov. William Preston Lane Jr. and Pelosi's father, the late Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., spoke at the dedication of a monument to honor Confederate Gens. Robert E. Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson." 
  143. Campbell, Colin; Broadwater, Luke (August 16, 2017). "Citing 'safety and security,' Pugh has Baltimore Confederate monuments taken down". http://touch.baltimoresun.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-94349787/. "A group of protesters had pledged to tear down a monument to Lee and fellow Confederate Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson at Wyman Park Dell near the Johns Hopkins University themselves on Wednesday if the city did not." 
  144. Khan, Saliqa A. (2017-08-22). "Confederate memorial outside Howard County courthouse removed". https://www.wbaltv.com/article/confederate-memorial-outside-howard-county-courthouse-removed/12046630. 
  145. City of Rockville (September 10, 2015). "Historic District Commission Staff Report: Certificate of Approval HDC2016-00756, 29 Courthouse Square". http://rockvillemd.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12674/9-15_Item_IV-A_HDC2016-00756-Updaed. 
  146. Browne, Allen (March 26, 2017). "The Confederate Monument in Rockville". http://allenbrowne.blogspot.com. 
  147. Meyer, Eugene L. (March 17, 2017). "Montgomery County decides to hide, instead of confront, its ugly history". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/montgomery-county-decides-to-hide-instead-of-confront-its-ugly-history/2017/03/16/e8bb9b18-08c0-11e7-93dc-00f9bdd74ed1_story.html. 
  148. Turque, Bill (July 24, 2017). "Confederate statue moved from Rockville courthouse over the weekend". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/confederate-statue-moved-from-rockville-courthouse-over-the-weekend/2017/07/24/cc80fae4-70a1-11e7-9eac-d56bd5568db8_story.html?tid=hybrid_collaborative_1_na. 
  149. Bunow, Miriam (July 16, 2015). "The History and Future of the Rockville Confederate Soldier Statue". Peerless Rockville Historic Preservation Ltd.. http://www.peerlessrockville.org/2015/07/16/the-history-and-future-of-the-rockville-confederate-soldier-statue/. 
  150. Turque, Bill (August 3, 2015). "Montgomery boxes Confederate statue to protect it from vandalism". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/montgomery-boxes-confederate-statue-to-protect-it-from-vandalism/2015/08/03/a7306142-39fa-11e5-b3ac-8a79bc44e5e2_story.html. 
  151. Turque, Bill (February 28, 2017). "New spot for Confederate statue: site of historic ferry". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/montgomery-finds-spot-for-confederate-statue-site-of-historic-ferry/2017/02/28/1de4fc08-fdf4-11e6-8f41-ea6ed597e4ca_story.html. 
  152. Loewen, James W. (March 22, 2017). "ROCKVILLE'S CONFEDERATE MONUMENT BELONGS AT WHITE'S FERRY". History News Network. https://historynewsnetwork.org/blog/153908. 
  153. "Massachusetts Is Finally Removing Its Confederate Monument". Boston Magazine. https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/blog/2017/10/02/massachusetts-removing-confederate-monument/. 
  154. "This Mississippi school named for Jefferson Davis is being renamed after Obama". Mother Jones. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/a-mississippi-school-named-for-jefferson-davis-is-being-renamed-after-obama. 
  155. Anderson, Melinda D. (November 7, 2017). "Attending a School Named for a Confederate General". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/11/attending-a-school-named-after-a-confederate-general/545186/. 
  156. Mangan, Katherine (June 25, 2015). "Removing Confederate Symbols Is a Step, but Changing a Campus Culture Can Take Years". Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/Removing-Confederate-Symbols/231141. 
  157. Ganucheau, Adam (October 18, 2018). "Protect the values we hold dear’: A closer look inside the Ed Meek, Ole Miss race controversy". Mississippi Today. https://mississippitoday.org/2018/10/18/protect-the-values-we-hold-dear-a-closer-look-inside-the-ed-meek-ole-miss-race-controversy/. 
  158. Benson, Charlie; Keegan, Lisa; 41 Action News Staff (August 25, 2017). "Watch: City crews remove Confederate monument on Ward Parkway". https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/crews-to-remove-confederate-monument-on-ward-parkway. 
  159. "Confederate Monuments Are Coming Down Across the United States. Here's a List". New York Times. August 28, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/16/us/confederate-monuments-removed.html?_r=3. 
  160. Bott, Celeste (June 28, 2017). "Remaining pieces of Confederate Monument removed from Forest Park". https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/remaining-pieces-of-confederate-monument-removed-from-forest-park/article_84765940-97bf-5e2c-ac18-8038c224a38a.html. 
  161. Fenske, Sarah (August 22, 2017). "City of St. Louis Plows Over Confederate Drive". Riverfront Times. https://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2017/08/22/city-of-st-louis-plows-over-confederate-drive. 
  162. "Protesters arrested as city of Helena removes Confederate fountain". https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/protesters-arrested-as-city-of-helena-begins-removing-confederate-fountain/article_8e724ab3-b982-559e-a21a-8201c860c706.html. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  163. "Statue defaced as U.S. Confederate monument protests grow". August 18, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-protests-statues-reaction-idUSKCN1AX2TK. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  164. Hampson, Rick (May 22, 2017). "Confederate monuments, more than 700 across USA, aren't budging". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/22/confederate-monuments-new-orleans-charlottesville-removal-race-civil-war/101870418/. 
  165. "University of Nevada Las Vegas Official Athletic Site". https://www.unlvrebels.com/trads/unlv-trads-mascot.html. 
  166. "Hey Reb! and "Rebels" Nickname | Campus Life | University of Nevada, Las Vegas". https://www.unlv.edu/campuslife/mascot-nickname. 
  167. Oxford, Andrew (June 11, 2018). "Confederate monuments removed from New Mexico highways". Santa Fe New Mexican. https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/confederate-monuments-removed-from-new-mexico-highways/article_330f8376-6e52-5335-8b5a-59a82ca7dda6.html. 
  168. "Religious leaders remove Brooklyn plaques honoring Robert E. Lee". NY Daily News. https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/robert-e-lee-plaques-removed-brooklyn-article-1.3416400. 
  169. Jaeger, Max. "Cuomo orders Confederate busts removed from CUNY Hall of Fame". https://nypost.com/2017/08/16/cuomo-orders-confederate-busts-be-removed-from-cuny-hall-of-fame/. Retrieved 27 August 2017. 
  170. Kenning, Chris (August 15, 2017). "Confederate Monuments Are Coming Down Across the United States". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/16/us/confederate-monuments-removed.html. 
  171. "Confederate Monuments Are Coming Down Across the United States. Here's a List.". The New York Times. 28 August 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/16/us/confederate-monuments-removed.html. 
  172. "An act to ensure respectful treatment of the American flag and the North Carolina flag by state agencies and other political subdivisions of the state; to establish the Division of Veterans Affairs as the clearinghouse for the disposal of worn, tattered, and damaged flags; to provide for the protection of monuments and memorials commemorating events, persons, and military service in North Carolina history; and to transfer custody of certain historic documents in the possession of the Office of the Secretary of State to the Department of Cultural Resources and to facilitate public opportunity to view these documents". SL 2015-170, Act of 23 July 2015. https://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2015/Bills/Senate/PDF/S22v5.pdf. 
  173. Wahlers, Kasi E. (2016). "North Carolina's Heritage Protection Act: Cementing Confederate Monuments in North Carolina's Landscape". North Carolina Law Review 94 (6–8): p. 2176. http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol94/iss6/8. 
  174. Jackson, Amanda. "Durham, North Carolina: Seven arrested in toppling of Confederate statue". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/14/us/confederate-statue-pulled-down-north-carolina-trnd/index.html. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  175. Cooper, Governor Roy (August 15, 2017). "North Carolina Monuments". https://medium.com/@NC_Governor/north-carolina-monuments-b7ead3c471ee. 
  176. Ross, Janell; Berman, Mark; Achenbach, Joel (2017-08-16). "Mayors taking swift action to avoid becoming the next Charlottesville". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/mayors-taking-swift-action-to-avoid-becoming-the-next-charlottesville/2017/08/16/cef677ba-829c-11e7-902a-2a9f2d808496_story.html?tid=a_inl. 
  177. "William L. Saunders (1835–1891) and Carolina Hall". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://museum.unc.edu/exhibits/show/names/carolina-hall. Retrieved February 20, 2018. 
  178. Stancill, Jane (August 20, 2018). "Protesters topple Silent Sam Confederate statue at UNC". News and Observer. https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/education/article217035815.html. 
  179. Drew, Johnathan (August 20, 2018). "Confederate statue on UNC campus toppled by protesters". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/ca35b98f9b2145fb9221e2ab58419044. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 
  180. Quam, Casey (August 28, 2018). "Is Silent Sam going back up within 90 days? This law might hold the answer.". The Daily Tarheel. http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2018/08/law-behind-silent-sam. 
  181. McClellan, Hannah (September 28, 2018). "Kenan Memorial Stadium: racism and white supremacy are hidden beyond a dedication plaque". Daily Tar Heel. http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2018/09/kenan-stadium-wilmington-massacre-0927. 
  182. Calcaterra, Craig (September 19, 2018). "UNC's Football Stadium: Memorial to the Leader of a White Supremacist Massacre". https://www.craigcalcaterra.com/blog/uncs-football-stadium-memorial-to-the-leader-of-a-white-supremacist-massacre. Retrieved October 12, 2018. 
  183. Aldridge, Bailey; Hilburn-Trenkle, Chris (October 3, 2018). "Folt announces recontextualization of Kenan Memorial Stadium". Daily Tar Heel. http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2018/10/kenan-stadium-name-change-breaking-folt-rename-unc-football-chapel-hill-wilmington-massacre. 
  184. Clark, Joe (August 25, 2017). "North Carolina school board bans Confederate flag on school grounds". WCMH-TV. https://www.nbc4i.com/news/u-s-world/north-carolina-school-board-bans-confederate-flag-on-school-grounds/1064674302. Retrieved August 29, 2018. 
  185. Grubb, Tammy (October 16, 2018). "A Chapel Hill highway no longer honors a Confederate leader. But what about the sign?". Herald Sun. https://www.heraldsun.com/news/local/counties/orange-county/article220101200.html. 
  186. Harrison, Steve (November 24, 2015). "Charlotte uses technicality to move Confederate monument". The Charlotte Observer. https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article46163760.html. Retrieved February 20, 2018. 
  187. Smith, LaVendrick (August 16, 2017). "Charlotte police are keeping an eye on the city's Confederate monuments". The Charlotte Observer. https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article167377962.html. Retrieved February 20, 2018. 
  188. talent, gloria rodriguez, abc11 anchors, wtvd anchors, abc11 reporters, wtvd reporters, wtvd (August 17, 2017). "8 now charged in destruction of Confederate statue". http://abc11.com/8-now-charged-in-destruction-of-confederate-statue/2316998/. Retrieved August 23, 2017. 
  189. Graham, David A.. "Arrests Begin Following Durham Confederate Statue Toppling". https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/durham-arrests/537015/. Retrieved 4 October 2017. 
  190. Associated Press (February 20, 2018). "All Charges Dropped in Case of Toppled Confederate Monument". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/02/20/us/ap-us-confederate-monument-protest-north-carolina.html. 
  191. Katz, Jonathan M. (August 17, 2017). "4 Surrender in Toppling of Confederate Statue in North Carolina". https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/durham-duke-robert-e-lee-statue.html. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  192. Ballentine, Claire; Moorthy, Neelesh (August 15, 2017). "Tracing the history of Duke Chapel's Robert E. Lee statue". The Duke Chronicle. http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2017/08/tracing-the-history-of-duke-chapels-robert-e-lee-statue. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  193. error
  194. Roll, Nick (August 18, 2017). "Robert E. Lee Statue Vandalized at Duke". Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/08/18/robert-e-lee-statue-vandalized-duke?. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  195. Staff Reports (August 19, 2017). "Robert E. Lee statue removed from campus". Duke Chronicle. http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2017/08/robert-e-lee-statue-removed-from-campus. Retrieved August 19, 2017. 
  196. Drew, Jonathan (August 19, 2017). "Duke University removes Robert E. Lee statue from chapel". Associated Press. https://www.journalnow.com/news/state_region/duke-university-removes-robert-e-lee-statue-from-chapel/article_049f02c2-f68a-5016-bc94-9b88c71b0d32.html. Retrieved August 19, 2017. 
  197. Grubb, Tammy (July 14, 2015). "Hillsborough board supports removing museum’s ‘Confederate’ marker". News & Observer. https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/community/chapel-hill-news/article27259360.html. 
  198. Harris, Paul (March 30, 2013). "North Carolina takes down Confederate Civil War battle flag after protest". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-news-blog/2013/mar/30/confederate-civil-war-flag-north-carolina. 
  199. "New Confederate statue goes up in Reidsville". December 12, 2013. https://myfox8.com/2013/12/12/new-confederate-statue-goes-up-in-reidsville/. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  200. Sewell, Dan (August 26, 2017). "Little Ohio city swept into national battle over monuments". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/a69430187eb04933b6d75b02fb6bc717/Little-Ohio-city-swept-into-national-battle-over-monuments. "It brought sudden attention to Franklin's 90-year-old rock marker, depicting Lee astride his horse, Traveller, and situated aside the "Dixie Highway," a roads network running from Miami to Michigan." 
  201. "Passer-by snags makeshift sign placed at former Franklin Confederate monument". https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/sign-placed-where-controversial-confederate-monument-removed-franklin/puNYWUe6Cl9gJNuZWCINlM/. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  202. https://twitter.com/i/web/status/899974698964058112 . Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  203. "Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery--Civil War Era National Cemeteries: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/ohio/camp_chase_confederate_cemetery.html. 
  204. Burger, Beth; Ferenchik, Mark (2017-08-22). "Vandals decapitate Confederate soldier statue at Camp Chase cemetery". The Columbus Dispatch. https://www.dispatch.com/news/20170822/vandals-decapitate-confederate-soldier-statue-at-camp-chase-cemetery. "'... [The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs] is committed to maintaining our cemeteries as national shrines, and that includes repairing this statue,' Jessica Schiefer, public affairs officer for the National Cemetery Administration, said in a statement." 
  205. Gearino, Dan. Confederate general's historic marker removed in Worthington. Columbus Dispatch August 19, 2017. [2] Accessed August 24, 2017.
  206. "Ohio high school getting rid of Confederate mascot". 2017-08-18. https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2017/08/18/ohio-high-school-getting-rid-confederate-mascot/579481001/. 
  207. Hardiman, Samuel (August 20, 2018). "Lee School renamed Council Oak Elementary School just in time for start of semester". Tulsa World. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/education/lee-school-renamed-council-oak-elementary-school-just-in-time/article—36efdc77-9ad8-5a14-804c-747c56fe8f7c.html. 
  208. Firestone, David (2000-05-19). "South Carolina Votes to Remove Confederate Flag From Dome". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/19/us/south-carolina-votes-to-remove-confederate-flag-from-dome.html. 
  209. Garnier, Terace (2017-08-24). "South Carolina judge dismisses case to keep Confederate flag in courtroom". https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/08/24/south-carolina-judge-dismisses-case-to-keep-confederate-flag-in-courtroom.html. 
  210. error
  211. Rosenberg, Eli (March 7, 2018). "A school's Confederate flag gym mural appeared to depict a lynching, until it got painted over". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/education/wp/2018/03/07/elementary-school-alters-confederate-flag-mural-that-appeared-to-depict-a-lynching/. 
  212. Sauber, Elaina (October 4, 2017). "Franklin golf course drops Confederate general from name". The Tennessean: p. W2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/343686262/?terms=%22franklin%2Bgolf%2Bcourse%2Bdrops%2Bconfederate%2Bgeneral%2Bfrom%2Bname%22. Retrieved December 1, 2017. 
  213. "SB2138 - Tennessee 2015-2016 - Historical Sites and Preservation - As enacted, enacts the "Tennessee Heritage Protection Act of 2016." - Amends TCA Title 4, Chapter 1, Part 4. - TrackBill". https://trackbill.com/bill/tn-sb2138-historical-sites-and-preservation-as-enacted-enacts-the-tennessee-heritage-protection-act-of-2016-amends-tca-title-4-chapter-1-part-4/1239100/. 
  214. Johnson, Eugene J. and Robert D. Russell, Jr., Memphis: An Architectural Guide, The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 1990 pp. 50–51
  215. Stanglin, Doug (February 6, 2013). "Memphis Changes Names of 3 Confederate-Themed Parks". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/02/06/memphis-parks-confederate-ku-klux-klan/1895549/. 
  216. Sainz, Adrian (February 5, 2013). "Memphis renames 3 parks that honored Confederacy". Associated Press. https://www.yahoo.com/news/memphis-renames-3-parks-honored-confederacy-010653790.html. 
  217. WREG Staff (September 5, 2017). "Memphis City Council votes on ordinance to remove Confederate statues". WREG. https://wreg.com/2017/09/05/report-memphis-spent-thousands-guarding-confederate-monuments-last-month/. 
  218. Poe, Ryan (August 14, 2017). "Strickland: 'No place' for hate groups in Memphis; city expects to sue state over Confederate monuments". The Tennessean. http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/government/2017/08/14/strickland-no-place-hate-groups-memphis/564450001/. 
  219. Jones, Yolanda (August 15, 2017). "Nathan Bedford Forrest statue in Memphis draws protesters overnight". The Tennessean. http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2017/08/15/overnight-demonstration-nathan-bedford-forrest-statue/567791001/.  Cite error: Invalid tag; name "tennessean.com" defined multiple times with different content
  220. Poe, Ryan (2017-12-20). "Memphis to remove Confederate statues overnight following sale of public parks" (in en). USA TODAY. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/12/20/memphis-confederate-statues-removal/971882001/.  Cite error: Invalid tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  221. error
  222. Allison, John (1905). Notable Men of Tennessee. Personal and Genealogical With Portraits. 2. Atlanta, Georgia: Southern Historical Association. pp. 45–51. https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_6I9LAAAAYAAJ#page/n39/mode/2up. Retrieved January 13, 2016. "Her efficiency activity [on] behalf of the Forrest monument, now erecting at Memphis, gave her a wide and highly favorable reputation with the Southern soldiers of the war between the states." 
  223. Poe, Ryan (August 14, 2017). "Strickland: 'No place' for hate groups in Memphis; city expects to sue state over Confederate monuments". The Tennessean. https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/government/2017/08/14/strickland-no-place-hate-groups-memphis/564450001/. 
  224. Barbash, Fred (December 21, 2017). "Memphis to Jefferson Davis: 'Na na na na, hey, hey, goodbye'". Washington Post. https://s2.washingtonpost.com/20f12b/5a3be18afe1ff6194e5e2822/ZGFuaWVsYmVpc2VuYmVyZ0BnbWFpbC5jb20%3D/36/122/ce43b833f25d2f95e08f74b8fbc71cb8. 
  225. Poe, Ryan (December 21, 2017). "Removing Confederate statues 'only the beginning' for Memphis Greenspace". Memphis Commercial Appeal. https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/government/city/2017/12/21/closer-look-memphis-greenspace-nonprofit-took-down-confederate-statues/972535001/. 
  226. "Judge rules Confederate statues removal by Memphis is legal". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. May 16, 2018. https://www.myajc.com/news/national/judge-rules-confederate-statues-removal-memphis-legal/78sUqS1Uwl2dSQratByJAK/. 
  227. Peagler, Annette (December 27, 2017). "Family With Memphis Ties Wants Bust Of Captain J. Harvey Mathes, Confederate Soldier, Returned". Memphis Commercial Appeal. https://www.localmemphis.com/news/local-news/family-with-memphis-ties-wants-bust-of-captain-j-harvey-mathes-confederate-soldier-returned/889172658. 
  228. Carney, Court (August 2001). "The Contested Image of Nathan Bedford Forrest". Journal of Southern History 67 (3). https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastPDF/UBER1/RangeFetch=contentSet=UBER1=prefix=PI-0343-2001-AUG00-IDSI-=startPage=89=suffix==npages=30=dl=The_Contested_Image_of_Nathan=PDF.pdf?dl=The_Contested_Image_of_Nathan.PDF. 
  229. Tamburin, Adam (August 16, 2016). "Daughters of the Confederacy reluctantly accepts Vanderbilt deal". The Tennessean. https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2016/08/16/daughters-confederacy-reluctantly-accepts-vanderbilt-deal/88873674/. 
  230. Danaher, William (June 27, 2015). "Confederate flag's history is 'sick' and 'twisted'". https://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2015/06/27/confederate-flag-church/29365297/. 
  231. Smith, Fleming (March 22, 2016). "Sewanee, Polk, and the Old South". The Sewanee Purple. https://thesewaneepurple.org/2016/03/22/sewanee-polk-and-the-old-south/. 
  232. "How Six Flags Over Texas overreacted to the Confederate controversy". August 23, 2017. https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/2017/08/23/amid-confederacy-debate-six-flags-decision-dump-namesake-banners-fails-facts-vs-tribute-test. Retrieved August 24, 2017. 
  233. "A Guide to Confederate Monuments in Austin". Austin Chronicle. August 18, 2017. https://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2017-08-18/a-guide-to-confederate-monuments-in-austin/. 
  234. "Guide to Confederate Monuments in Austin". Austin Chronicle. August 18, 2017. https://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2017-08-18/a-guide-to-confederate-monuments-in-austin/. 
  235. Weber, Andrew (July 27, 2018). "Equity Office proposes renaming 7 Confederate streets – and even the city itself". Austin Monitor. https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/2018/07/equity-office-proposes-renaming-7-confederate-streets-and-even-the-city-itself/. 
  236. "UT student government votes to remove Jefferson Davis statue". KXAN.com. https://kxan.com/2015/03/25/ut-student-government-votes-to-remove-jefferson-davis-statue/. 
  237. Tom McCarthy, "Drive to call time on Confederate flag sweeps south – 150 years after civil war", The Guardian , 23 June 2015. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Guardian
  238. Associated Press, "'Emancipate UT': Confederate statue defaced at University of Texas", The Guardian , May 9, 2015. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Guardian
  239. "Jefferson Davis Statue to be Relocated to Educational Exhibit at History Center". UT News – The University of Texas at Austin. https://news.utexas.edu/2015/08/13/jefferson-davis-statue-to-be-relocated-to-briscoe-center. 
  240. "Sons of Confederate Veterans take UT statue case to Texas high court". https://www.statesman.com/news/local/sons-confederate-veterans-take-statue-case-texas-high-court/d2Shq9xxuyiN9KglOkTbYO/. 
  241. Associated Press, "Texas university removes Confederate president statue from campus," The Guardian , August 30, 2015. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Guardian
  242. Haurwitz, Ralph K.M. (August 17, 2017). "UT removing Confederate statues from South Mall". Austin American-Statesman. https://www.statesman.com/news/local/removing-confederate-statues-from-south-mall/g4yylLQXmHni95DraX1vGM/. 
  243. Weber, Andrew (August 12, 2015). "The Long, Controversial History of UT's Confederate Statues". Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin. https://kut.org/post/long-controversial-history-uts-confederate-statues. 
  244. Bromwich, Jonah Engel (August 21, 2017). "University of Texas at Austin Removes Confederate Statues in Overnight Operation". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/21/us/texas-austin-confederate-statues.html. 
  245. Jechow, Andy (July 2, 2018). "IDEA Allan school sheds name after learning of Confederate origin". KXAN. https://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/idea-allan-school-sheds-name-after-learning-of-confederate-origin/1279743538. 
  246. "Robert E. Lee Park – TX | The Cultural Landscape Foundation". https://tclf.org/landscapes/robert-e-lee-park-tx. 
  247. "Court halts Robert E. Lee statue's removal in Dallas after near-unanimous City Council vote". The Dallas Morning News. 2017-09-06. https://www.dallasnews.com/news/dallas-city-hall/2017/09/06/robert-e-lee-statue-dallas-removed-city-council-vote. 
  248. https://twitter.com/NBCNews/status/908476613808893952 . Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  249. Wilonsky, Robert (April 24, 2018). "Trip to Texas Civil War Museum shows why Dallas should never send its Robert E. Lee statue there". Dallas News. https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2018/04/24/trip-texas-civil-war-museum-shows-dallas-never-send-robert-e-lee-statue. 
  250. Template:Cite-news
  251. "Dallas Task Force Votes to Keep Fair Park Confederate Images". https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Task-Force-on-Confederate-Monuments-to-Discuss-Recommendation-for-Art-at-Fair-Park-446642183.html. 
  252. "Lee Park Renamed, Task Force Recommends Same for Streets". NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth. https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Robert-E-Lee-Park-in-Dallas-Renamed-446832163.html. 
  253. Kennedy, Bud (June 7, 2018). "Look away: Fort Worth has removed and disposed of two Confederate historical markers, one for a Klansman". Star-Telegram. https://www.star-telegram.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/bud-kennedy/article212775159.html. 
  254. Leszcynski, Ray (2015-08-11). "Superintendent removes Confederate symbols from South Garland High". The Dallas Morning News. https://www.dallasnews.com/news/garland/2015/08/11/superintendent-removes-confederate-symbols-from-south-garland-high. 
  255. Smith, Corbett. "High school mascots are a point of pride". https://res.dallasnews.com/interactives/mascots/. 
  256. Press, Associated (January 12, 2017). "Houston's Dowling Street To Be Renamed Emancipation Avenue | Houston Public Media". https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/city-of-houston/2017/01/12/183416/houstons-dowling-street-to-be-renamed-emancipation-avenue/. 
  257. Watkins, Matthew; Busch, Mallory; Daniel, Annie (2015-07-01). "At Majority-Minority Schools, Confederate Names Remain". Big Country Homepag (Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc.). https://www.bigcountryhomepage.com/news/https:/www.bigcountryhomepage.com/news/at-majority-minority-schools-confederate-names-remain. 
  258. Mellon, Ericka (2014-04-15). "Four Houston schools get new, non-offensive mascots". Houston Chronicle. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/education/article/Four-Houston-schools-get-new-non-offensive-5405155.php. 
  259. Kennedy, Bud (August 17, 2017). "A Confederate flag display comes down. But it was a tiny one, and the mayor wonders — why now?". Star-Telegram. https://www.star-telegram.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/bud-kennedy/article167883357.html. 
  260. Allen, Paula (August 14, 2017). "Who paid to have the Confederate statue in Travis Park made and then placed in the park?". San Antonio Express-News. https://www.expressnews.com/militarycity/article/Who-paid-to-have-the-Confederate-statue-in-Travis-11817622.php. 
  261. "Confederate statue removed from Travis Park". KSAT. September 1, 2017. https://www.ksat.com/news/confederate-statue-removed-from-travis-park. 
  262. Bradshaw, Kelsey (September 1, 2017). "San Antonio removes Confederate statue in Travis Park". San Antonio Express-News. https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/San-Antonio-removing-Confederate-statue-in-Travis-12165970.php#photo-14032882. 
  263. Ravani, Sarah (September 1, 2017). "San Antonio removes Confederate statue in Travis Park". San Antonio Express-News. https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/San-Antonio-removing-Confederate-statue-in-Travis-12165970.php. 
  264. Carmichael, Emma (2010-10-25). "The Ugly, Racially Charged Fight Over A Confederate Mascot. In Vermont". https://deadspin.com/5671204/the-ugly-racially-charged-fight-over-a-confederate-mascot-in-vermont. 
  265. "South Burlington's Rebel debate goes back decades". https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2017/04/28/south-burlingtons-rebel-debate-goes-back-decades/100850400/?cookies=&from=global. Retrieved August 31, 2017. 
  266. "South Burlington school budget fails, again". https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2017/04/06/south-burlington-school-budget-fails-again/100082144/. Retrieved August 31, 2017. 
  267. Leslie, Alexandra (14 August 2017). "Wolves Logo, Name Unleashed at SBHS Athletic Facilities". https://www.mychamplainvalley.com/news/wolves-logo-name-unleashed-at-sbhs-athletic-facilities/788989640. Retrieved 5 September 2017. 
  268. Thomas-Lester, Avis (July 7, 2005). "From the archives: State Lives With a Legacy of Terror as Nation Pays Tribute to Victims' Descendants". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/from-the-archives-state-lives-with-a-legacy-of-terror-as-nation-pays-tribute-to-victims-descendants/2015/07/07/e1e531be-24bf-11e5-b72c-2b7d516e1e0e_story.html. Retrieved April 20, 2018. 
  269. Brady, Erik (April 27, 2018). "A Confederate general makes last stand with high school teams". USA TODAY. https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/highschool/2018/04/27/confederate-general-makes-last-stand-high-school-teams/545015002/. 
  270. Fortin, Jacey (August 13, 2017). "The Statue at the Center of Charlottesville's Storm". https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/13/us/charlottesville-rally-protest-statue.html. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  271. "Lee Statue Vandalized Ahead of KKK Rally in Charlottesville". https://www.nbc29.com/story/35838941/lee-statue-vandalized-ahead-of-kkk-rally-in-charlottesville. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  272. Brown, Emma (August 22, 2017). "Charlottesville City Council votes to shroud Confederate statues in black". https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2017/08/22/charlottesville-city-council-votes-to-shroud-confederate-statues-in-black/. Retrieved August 23, 2017. 
  273. FOX. "Charlottesville's Confederate statues shrouded in black". https://www.fox5ny.com/news/275601305-story. Retrieved August 24, 2017. 
  274. "Charlottesville Council votes to remove Confederate statue after tense hearing". https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/charlottesville-city-council-vote-removal-stonewall-jackson-statue-n798821. 
  275. Ellison, Sarah. "Why Charlottesville, Liberal College Town, Became Ground Zero for White Supremacy". https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/08/charlottesville-liberal-college-town-ground-zero-for-white-supremacy. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  276. Heim, Joe (September 15, 2017). "U-Va. board votes to remove Confederate plaques, ban open flames". The Guardian.  https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Guardian
  277. Woo, Megan. "Kings Dominion changes name to beloved roller coaster". https://www.nbc12.com/story/37419421/kings-dominion-changes-name-to-beloved-roller-coaster. 
  278. Shapiro, T. Rees (2017-07-28). "A school named after a Confederate may be three letters away from compromise". https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/local/education/a-school-named-after-a-confederate-may-be-three-letters-away-from-compromise/2017/07/26/efaf6e96-7232-11e7-8839-ec48ec4cae25_story.html. 
  279. Brady, Erik (April 27, 2018). "A Confederate general makes last stand with high school teams". USA TODAY. https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/highschool/2018/04/27/confederate-general-makes-last-stand-high-school-teams/545015002/. 
  280. Truong, Debbie (August 28, 2018). "With Confederate name stripped, classes start at renamed school in Fairfax County". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/with-confederate-name-stripped-classes-start-at-renamed-school-in-fairfax-county/2018/08/28/3319fdb0-aad4-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html. 
  281. Hampton City Schools (December 2017). "Renaming of The Campus at Lee (press release)". http://www.hampton.k12.va.us/news/2017December/campuslee.html. Retrieved July 15, 2018. 
  282. Associated Press. "Va. city bans public Confederate flag displays". https://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-20100808.html. Retrieved June 14, 2012. 
  283. Adams, Duncan. "Rebel flags barred from Lexington poles". https://www.roanoke.com/news/roanoke/wb/297591. Retrieved June 14, 2012. 
  284. "Virginia university to remove Confederate flags from chapel". CNN Wire. July 9, 2014. https://wtvr.com/2014/07/09/virginia-university-to-remove-confederate-flags-from-chapel/. 
  285. Shapiro, T. Rees (July 8, 2014). "Washington and Lee University to remove Confederate flags following protests". Washington Post. 
  286. "Randolph College removes statue of Confederate solider". 2017-08-25. https://www.wsls.com/news/virginia/lynchburg/randolph-college-removes-statue-of-confederate-solider. 
  287. Remmers, Vanessa (February 7, 2018). "Petersburg School Board votes to remove Confederate names from three schools". Richmond Times-Dispatch. https://www.richmond.com/news/local/central-virginia/tri-cities/petersburg/petersburg-school-board-votes-to-remove-confederate-names-from-three/article_d2354075-3917-588c-878e-91793a0bd0dd.html. 
  288. "After $20K donation, 3 schools change Confederate names". WSLS. July 11, 2018. https://www.wsls.com/news/virginia/after-20k-donation-3-schools-change-confederate-names. Retrieved July 11, 2018. 
  289. Brundidge, W. Fitzhugh (2005). The Southern Past: A Clash of Race and Memory. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Quoted at https://civilwartalk.com/threads/after-the-war-memorials-to-forrest-went-up-while-ft-pillow-victims-were-ignored.134174/, retrieved March 6, 2018. ISBN 0674018761. 
  290. Hauser, Christine (June 19, 2018). "Virginia School Drops Confederate General's Name in Favor of Obama's". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/19/us/barack-obama-elementary-school.html. 
  291. Associated Press (July 16, 2018). "Virginia school named for Confederate general to be renamed". Seattle Times. 
  292. Associated Press (October 9, 2018). "Virginia school honoring Confederate general to get new name". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-school-honoring-confederate-general-to-get-new-name/2018/10/09/f5697cda-cb9d-11e8-ad0a-0e01efba3cc1_story.html. 
  293. Pratt, Denver (August 18, 2017). "Bellingham removes signs on bridge named for Confederate general". The Bellingham Herald. https://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article167992382.html. 
  294. Berger, Knute (June 22, 2015). "Confederate symbols also blight the Northwest". https://crosscut.com/2015/06/confederate-symbols-also-blight-the-northwest/. 
  295. "Jefferson Davis Park". June 27, 2014. https://scvpacnw.wordpress.com/jefferson-davis-park/. 
  296. Muhlstein, Julie (May 21, 2016). "Highway 99 renamed in honor of Snohomish settler William P. Stewart". The Everett Herald (Everett, Washington: Everett Herald and Sound Publishing, Inc.). Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160920203319/https://www.heraldnet.com/news/highway-99-renamed-in-honor-of-snohomish-settler-william-p-stewart/. Retrieved September 20, 2016. 
  297. Verhovek, Sam Howe (February 14, 2002). "Road Named for Jefferson Davis Stirs Spirited Debate". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/14/us/road-named-for-jefferson-davis-stirs-spirited-debate.html. Retrieved October 13, 2013. 
  298. "Senate Committee Kills Plan To Rename Jefferson Davis Highway". KOMOnews.com (Seattle, Washington: Sinclair Interactive Media). August 30, 2006. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012226/https://www.komonews.com/news/archive/4035226.html. Retrieved November 8, 2013. 
  299. (1) "House Joint Memorial 4010: As Amended by the Senate". 64th Legislature: 2016 Regular Session. Washington State Legislature. March 8, 2016. Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160920194149/https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2015-16/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/4010.PL-WP%20Stewart%20mem%20highway-SR-99.pdf. Retrieved September 20, 2016. (2) "History of the Bill as of Tuesday, September 20, 2016". HJM 4010 – 2015–16: Requesting that state route number 99 be named the "William P. Stewart Memorial Highway". Washington State Legislature. https://app.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=4010&year=2015. Retrieved September 20, 2016. (3) "Stewart, William P. (1839–1907)". African American History in the American West: Online Encyclopedia of Significant People and Places. BlackPast.org. 2015. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160404231151/https://www.blackpast.org/aaw/stewart-william-p-1839-1907. Retrieved September 20, 2016. 
  300. Cornfield, Jerry (May 17, 2016). "SR 99 to be renamed for Snohomish black Civil War soldier". The Everett Herald (Everett, Washington: Everett Herald and Sound Publishing, Inc.). Archived from the original on June 9, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160609220442/https://www.heraldnet.com/article/20160518/NEWS01/160519114/SR-99-to-be-renamed-for-Snohomish-black-Civil-War-soldier. Retrieved September 20, 2016. 
  301. "Road Named for Jefferson Davis Stirs Spirited Debate". The New York Times. 2002-02-14. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/14/us/road-named-for-jefferson-davis-stirs-spirited-debate.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss#. Retrieved 2009-05-08. "Another granite marker proclaiming the road's designation as the Jefferson Davis Highway was erected at the time in Vancouver, Wash., at the highway's southern terminus. It was quietly removed by city officials four years ago and now rests in a cemetery shed there, but publicity over the bill has brought its mothballing to light and stirred a contentious debate there about whether it should be restored." 
  302. "History of the Jefferson Davis Park". Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080828062427/https://www.scvportland.org/jdp_park.html. Retrieved October 30, 2008. 
  303. "Jefferson Davis Park". Archived from the original on July 23, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080723181731/https://www.scvportland.org/jdp_index.html. Retrieved October 30, 2008. 
  304. Banel, Feliks (May 19, 2017). "Wrestling with the ghosts of Confederate monuments". https://mynorthwest.com/634176/wrestling-with-the-ghosts-of-confederate-monuments/. 
  305. Horcher, Gary (August 19, 2017). "Washington State Confederate monuments face controversy, again". https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/washington-state-confederate-monuments-face-controversy-again/593151760. 
  306. Hair, Steve (August 22, 2017). "Eastmont School Board Receives Input on Robert E Lee School Name Change". https://www.ncwlife.com/eastmont-school-board-receives-input-robert-e-lee-school-name-change/. Retrieved August 23, 2017. 
  307. Walters, Daniel (August 15, 2017). "Why East Wenatchee has a "Robert E. Lee Elementary School" – and why it won't be changing its name". https://m.inlander.com/Bloglander/archives/2017/08/15/why-east-wenatchee-has-a-robert-e-lee-elementary-school-and-why-it-wont-be-changing-its-name. 
  308. Meyer, Madison (January 9, 2018). "Robert E. Lee Elementary changed to Lee Elementary". https://www.ifiberone.com/wenatchee/robert-e-lee-elementary-changed-to-lee-elementary/article_77f9b7e6-f584-11e7-9e17-8fa3987133d3.html. 
  309. Plutchak, Dan. "Soglin orders removal of Confederate monuments from Forest Hill Cemetery". https://www.wkow.com/story/36158682/2017/08/17/madison-to-remove-confederate-monuments-from-cemetery. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  310. "Battle over Confederate history hits Madison". August 16, 2017. https://isthmus.com/news/news/battle-over-confederate-history-hits-madison/. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  311. "Madison Mayor Paul Soglin orders removal of Confederate monuments at Forest Hill Cemetery". https://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/madison-mayor-paul-soglin-orders-removal-of-confederate-monuments-at/article_0cd509e6-3b6b-56ab-b05c-c693d84de05d.html. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  312. "Statement of Madison Mayor Paul Soglin on Removal of Confederate Memorials". City of Madison, Wisconsin. https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/statement-of-madison-mayor-paul-soglin-on-removal-of-confederate-memorials. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
  313. "Plaque honouring Confederate leader Jefferson Davis removed from Montreal building". Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/08/15/plaque-honouring-confederate-leader-jefferson-davis-removed-from-montreal-building.html. Retrieved August 17, 2017. 
  314. "Confederate plaque on Montreal Hudson's Bay store removed". https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.4248206. Retrieved August 20, 2017. 
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Political Science
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
HandWiki
View Times: 3.1K
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 30 Nov 2022
Table of Contents
    Notice
    You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
    OK
    Confirm
    Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
    Yes
    No
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    There is no comment~
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    ${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    Confirm
    Are you sure to Delete?
    Yes No
    Academic Video Service
    Feedback