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HandWiki. Global Warming Policy Foundation. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37202 (accessed on 17 November 2024).
HandWiki. Global Warming Policy Foundation. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37202. Accessed November 17, 2024.
HandWiki. "Global Warming Policy Foundation" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37202 (accessed November 17, 2024).
HandWiki. (2022, November 30). Global Warming Policy Foundation. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37202
HandWiki. "Global Warming Policy Foundation." Encyclopedia. Web. 30 November, 2022.
Global Warming Policy Foundation
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Organization:Global_Warming_Policy_Foundation

The Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF) is a lobby group in the United Kingdom whose stated aims are to challenge "extremely damaging and harmful policies" envisaged by governments to mitigate anthropogenic global warming. While their position is that the science of global warming or climate change is "not yet settled," the GWPF claims that its membership comes from a broad spectrum ranging from "the IPCC position through agnosticism to outright scepticism." The GWPF as well as some of its prominent members have been characterized as promoting climate change denial. In 2014, when the Charity Commission ruled that the GWPF had breached rules on impartiality, a non-charitable organisation called the "Global Warming Policy Forum" was created as a wholly owned subsidiary, to do lobbying that a charity could not. The GWPF website carries an array of articles "sceptical" of scientific findings of anthropogenic global warming and its impacts.

global warming climate change impartiality

1. History

The foundation was established in November 2009, less than a week after the start of the Climatic Research Unit email controversy [1], with its headquarters at 1 Carlton House Terrace, London, and subsequently moved to 55 Tufton Street, London SW1P 3QL. Its director is Benny Peiser,[2][3] an expert on the social and economic aspects of physical exercise, and it is chaired by former Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.[4] GWPF states that it is "deeply concerned about the costs and other implications of many of the policies currently being advocated" to address climate change and that it aims to "bring reason, integrity and balance to a debate that has become seriously unbalanced, irrationally alarmist, and all too often depressingly intolerant".[5]

1.1. Call for an Independent Inquiry into Climate Research Unit E-Mails

The GWPF's first act was to call for a high-level, independent inquiry into the hacked e-mails from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit.[6][7] A spokesman for the Met Office, a government agency which works with the Climate Research Unit in providing global temperature information, dismissed this call. "If you look at the emails, there isn't any evidence that the data was falsified and there's no evidence that climate change is a hoax. It's a shame that some of the sceptics have had to take this rather shallow attempt to discredit robust science undertaken by some of the world's most respected scientists. The bottom line is that temperatures continue to rise and humans are responsible for it. We have every confidence in the science and the various datasets we use. The peer-review process is as robust as it could possibly be."[8]

Lawson suggested that the e-mails from the University of East Anglia "called into question" the integrity of the scientific evidence.[9] Subsequent investigations did not support this view. GWPF Director Benny Peiser said that the organisation did not doubt the science and wasn’t going to discuss it, but want an open, frank debate about what policies should be adopted.[9]

1.2. Funding Sources

Because it is registered as a charity, the GWPF is not legally required to report its sources of funding,[10] and Peiser has declined to reveal its funding sources, citing privacy concerns. Peiser said GWPF does not receive funding "from people with links to energy companies or from the companies themselves."[11] The foundation has rejected freedom of information (FoI) requests to disclose its funding sources on at least four different occasions. The judge ruling on the latest FoI request, Alison McKenna, said that the GWPF was not sufficiently influential to merit forcing them to disclose the source of the £50,000 that was originally provided to establish the organization.[12]

Bob Ward, the policy and communications director at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics, commented:

"These [FoI] documents expose once again the double standards promoted by ... the GWPF, who demand absolute transparency from everybody except themselves ... The GWPF was the most strident critic during the 'Climategate' row of the standards of transparency practised by the University of East Anglia, yet it simply refuses to disclose basic information about its own secretive operations, including the identity of its funders." [10]

According to a press release on the organization's website, GWPF "is funded entirely by voluntary donations from a number of private individuals and charitable trusts. In order to make clear its complete independence, it does not accept gifts from either energy companies or anyone with a significant interest in an energy company."[13] Annual membership contributions are "a minimum of £100".[14] In accounts filed at the beginning of 2011 with the Charities Commission and at Companies House, it was revealed that only £8,168 of the £503,302 the Foundation received as income, from its founding in November 2009 until the end of July 2010, came from membership contributions.[15] In response to the accounts, Bob Ward commented that "Its income suggests that it only has about 80 members, which means that it is a fringe group promoting the interests of a very small number of politically motivated campaigners."[15] Similarly, based on membership fees reported for the year ending 31 July 2012, it appears that GWPF had no more than 120 members at that time.[16]

In March 2012, The Guardian revealed that it had uncovered emails in which Michael Hintze, founder of the hedge fund CQS and a major donor to the UK Conservative Party, disclosed having donated to GWPF; the previous October, Hintze had been at the center of a funding scandal that led to the resignation of then-Secretary of State for Defence Liam Fox and the dismissal of Hintze's then-charity adviser, Oliver Hylton.[17]

Chris Huhne, former UK Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change attacked Lord Lawson's influential climate sceptic think-tank.[10]

1.3. Charitable Status

In June 2013 Bob Ward filed a formal complaint to the Charity Commission, alleging that the GWPF had "persistently disseminated inaccurate and misleading information about climate change as part of its campaign against climate policies in the UK and overseas", and that this was an abuse of their charitable status.

In 2014 the Charity Commission ruled that the GWPF had breached rules on impartiality in its climate change coverage, blurred fact and comment and demonstrated a clear bias.[18][19] In response, the GWPF agreed to establish a non-charitable organisation to do the lobbying, alongside the existing organisation, to be called the "Global Warming Policy Forum".[20] The GWP Forum is a wholly owned subsidiary of the GWP Foundation.

1.4. Temperature Graph

When the GWPF's website was launched in November 2009, a graph used in the logo graphic on each page of the website of '21st Century global mean temperatures' showed a slow decline over the selected period from 2001 to 2008. Hannah Devlin of The Times found an error for 2003 and noted that if the period from 2000 to 2009 had been chosen, then a rise in temperature would have been shown rather than a fall.[21] Bob Ward said that the graph was contrary to the true measurements, and that by leaving out the temperature trend during the 20th century, the graph obscured the fact that 8 of the 10 hottest years on record have occurred this century. The GWPF blamed a "small error by our graphic designer" for the mistake which would now be changed, but said that starting the graph earlier would be equally arbitrary.[11]

1.5. Inquiry into Temperature Records

In April 2015 the GWP Foundation announced it was "launching a major inquiry into the integrity of the official global surface temperature records",[22][23] under the chairmanship of Terence Kealey, a member of their advisory council.[24] Submissions were invited, all of which would be published. In July 2015 the review announced that it had decided that its principal output will be peer-reviewed papers rather than a report.[25] As of February 2017, the project's website lists no submissions.[26]

2. Personnel

In May 2014, the GWPF listed Benny Peiser, a social anthropologist, as the director,[13] and a board of trustees consisting of Lord Lawson (Chairman), Lord Donoughue, Lord Fellowes, Peter R. Forster (the Bishop of Chester), Martin Jacomb, Baroness Nicholson, Sir James Spooner and Lord Turnbull.[27]

The academic advisory council consists of David Henderson, Samuel Brittan, Ian Byatt, Robert M. Carter, Vincent Courtillot, Freeman Dyson, Anastasios Tsonis, Christian Gerondeau, Indur M. Goklany, William Happer, Terence Kealey, Anthony Kelly, Deepak Lal, Richard Lindzen, Ross McKitrick, Robert O. Mendelsohn, Alan Peacock, Ian Plimer, Paul Reiter, Matt Ridley, Alan Rudge, Nir Shaviv, Philip Stott, Henrik Svensmark, Richard Tol, Fritz Vahrenholt, and David Whitehouse.[28][29] In 2016, Christopher Essex replaced Ross McKitrick as chair.[30]

Andrew William Montford has been appointed to run an inquiry into the three British Climategate-inquiries for the Global Warming Policy Foundation.[31] His report The Climategate Inquiries was published in September 2010, and is sharply critical of the previous inquiries.[32][33]

One of the Foundation's trustees, Graham Stringer MP, a Labour party politician, sits on the House of Commons' Science and Technology Committee, [34] a Parliamentary select committee which scrutinises government actions in relation to topics including climate change.

3. Media Reception

David Aaronovitch noted the GWPF's launch in The Times, writing "Lord Lawson’s acceptance of the science turns out, on close scrutiny, to be considerably less than half-hearted. Thus he speaks of 'the (present) majority scientific view', hinting rather slyly at the near possibility of a future, entirely different scientific view. (...) 'Sceptic' (...) is simply a misnomer. People such as Lord Lawson are not sceptical, for if one major peer-reviewed piece of scientific research were ever to be published casting doubt on climate change theory, you just know they’d have it up in neon at Piccadilly Circus. They are only sceptical about what they don’t want to be true."[35]

The Guardian quoted Bob Ward as saying "some of those names are straight from the Who's Who of current climate change sceptics ... It's just going to be a way of pumping material into the debate that hasn't been through scrutiny". The Guardian article cast doubt on the idea that an upsurge in scepticism was underway, noting that "in (the US) Congress, even the most determined opponents of climate change legislation now frame their arguments in economic terms rather than on the science".[36]

Fred Pearce wrote in The Guardian that the three inquiries GWPF looked into were all badly flawed, and that The Climategate Inquiries report ably dissects their failures. He writes that "for all its sharp—and in many cases justified—rejoinders to the official inquiries its report is likely to be ignored in some quarters for its brazen hypocrisy." Pearce argues that one of the criticisms of the three inquiries was that no climate sceptics were on the inquiry teams, and now the critics themselves have produced a review of the reviews that included no one not already supportive of the sceptical position. But, Pearce wrote, Montford "has landed some good blows here." [37]

In 2014 The Independent described the foundation as "the UK's most prominent source of climate-change denial".[38]

References

  1. "Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF) Background". desmog.co.uk. https://www.desmog.co.uk/global-warming-policy-foundation. 
  2. Davies, Caroline; Goldenberg, Suzanne (24 November 2009). "The voices of climate change sceptics : Environment". London: The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/nov/24/voices-of-climate-change-denial?INTCMP=SRCH. Retrieved 6 January 2012. 
  3. "Contact". 17 April 2012. http://www.thegwpf.org/contact-2/. Retrieved 13 December 2015. 
  4. Judge, Peter (23 November 2009). "Climate Change Deniers Quote Hacked University Data". eWEEK Europe UK (techweekeurope.co.uk). http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/news-security/climate-change-deniers-quote-hacked-university-data-2539. Retrieved 2012-01-06. 
  5. Leake, Jonathan (29 November 2009). "The great climate change science scandal". The Sunday Times (London: timesonline.co.uk). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6936289.ece. Retrieved 22 December 2009. 
  6. Lawson, Nigel (24 November 2009). "Copenhagen will fail – and quite right too". The Times (London: timesonline.co.uk). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article6927598.ece. Retrieved 22 December 2009. "Last week an apparent hacker obtained access to their computers and published in the blogosphere part of their internal e-mail traffic. And the CRU has conceded that the at least some of the published e-mails are genuine." 
  7. Ramnarayan, Abhinav (2 December 2009). "Climate change sceptics: Phil Jones inquiry must be 'independent and transparent'". The Times (London: timesonline.co.uk). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6941168.ece. Retrieved 22 December 2009. "The inquiry into the leaked-emails controversy at the University of East Anglia must be independent and transparent for the sake of science, a prominent climate change sceptic group said today. [...] The investigation comes after e-mails between scientists at the CRU were hacked and posted online by climate change sceptics," 
  8. Hickman, Leo (23 November 2009). "Climate change champion and sceptic both call for inquiry into leaked emails". The Guardian (London: guardian.co.uk). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/nov/23/climate-sceptics-bob-ward-nigel-lawson. Retrieved 25 November 2009. 
  9. Aaronovitch, David (24 November 2009). "Strip away the figleaf and reveal naysayers". The Times (London: timesonline.co.uk). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/david_aaronovitch/article6928868.ece. Retrieved 24 November 2009. 
  10. Carrington, Damian (22 November 2011). "Chris Huhne blasts Lord Lawson's climate sceptic thinktank". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/nov/22/chris-huhne-lawson-think-tank. 
  11. Randerson, James (5 December 2009). "Climate sceptics: are they gaining any credence?". The Guardian (London: guardian.co.uk): pp. 6. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/04/climate-sceptics-public-opinion. Retrieved 5 December 2009. 
  12. Black, Robert (February 22, 2012). "Confessions of a climate gate-opener". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17126699. Retrieved 8 June 2014. 
  13. "Launched today!" (Press release). The Global Warming Policy Foundation. 23 November 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2014. http://www.thegwpf.org/launched-today/
  14. GWPF, "Become a GWPF member". Accessed: Feb 16, 2014. http://thegwpf.org/gwpf-member/
  15. Hickman, Leo (20 January 2011). "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/20/global-warming-policy-foundation-donors. 
  16. Ward, Bob (15 February 2013). "Secret funding of climate sceptics is not restricted to the US". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/feb/15/secret-funding-climate-sceptics-not-restricted-us. Retrieved 8 June 2014. 
  17. Readfearn, Graham (27 March 2012). "Michael Hintze revealed as funder of Lord Lawson's climate thinktank". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/mar/27/tory-donor-climate-sceptic-thinktank. Retrieved 8 June 2014. 
  18. Bawden, Tom (1 October 2014). "Lord Lawson and his climate change sceptics broke charity bias rules". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lord-lawson-and-his-climate-change-sceptics-broke-charity-bias-rules-9765908.html. 
  19. "Operational Case Report: The Global Warming Policy Foundation (1131448)", The Charity Commission, 30 September 2014 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/432482/ocr_the_global_warming_policy_foundation.pdf
  20. "Global Warming Policy Foundation Launches Campaigning Arm". Global Warming Policy Foundation. 1 September 2014. http://www.thegwpf.org/global-warming-policy-foundation-launches-campaigning-arm/. 
  21. Devlin, Hannah (1 December 2009). "Climate sceptics get it wrong". The Times (timesonline.typepad.com). Archived from the original on December 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091223022853/http://timesonline.typepad.com/science/2009/12/climate-sceptics-get-it-wrong-1.html. Retrieved 25 December 2009. 
  22. "Inquiry Launched Into Global Temperature Data Integrity". The Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF). 26 April 2015. http://www.thegwpf.org/inquiry-launched-into-global-temperature-data-integrity/. 
  23. "About". The International Temperature Data Review Project. http://www.tempdatareview.org/. 
  24. "Academic Advisory Council - The Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF)". http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/. 
  25. "International Temperature Data panel: status update". The International Temperature Data Review Project. 22 July 2015. http://www.tempdatareview.org/news. 
  26. "Submissions". The International Temperature Data Review Project. http://www.tempdatareview.org/all. 
  27. "Board of Trustees". Global Warming Policy Foundation. http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/board-of-trustees/. Retrieved 25 May 2014. 
  28. "Academic Advisory Council". Global Warming Policy Foundation. http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/. Retrieved 25 May 2014. 
  29. Miersch, Michael (23 November 2009). "Benny Peiser ist jetzt Direktor der Global Warming Policy Foundation". Die Achse des Guten. achgut.com. http://www.achgut.com/dadgdx/index.php/dadgd/print/0013917. Retrieved 25 November 2009. 
  30. "New Chairman Of GWPF Academic Advisory Council". The Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF). http://www.thegwpf.org/new-chairman-of-gwpf-academic-advisory-council-2/. 
  31. Foster, Peter, "Peter Foster: Checking the hockey team ", National Post, July 9, 2010. "The third British investigation into the Climategate scandal -- led by former civil servant Sir Muir Russell -- amounts, at best, to a greywash. [...] The U.K.-based Global Warming Policy Foundation, an influential skeptical institution, has now appointed Mr. Montford to run an inquiry into the three British inquiries. There will be no whitewash here, " http://opinion.financialpost.com/2010/07/09/checking-the-hockey-team/
  32. Andrew, Montford (2010-09-14). "Damning New Investigation Into Climategate Inquiries". Global Warming Policy Foundation. http://www.thegwpf.org/damning-new-investigation-into-climategate-inquiries/. Retrieved 2014-05-25. "The report The Climategate Inquiries, written by Andrew Montford and with a foreword by Lord (Andrew) Turnbull, finds that the inquiries into the conduct and integrity of scientists at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia were rushed and seriously inadequate." 
  33. Randerson, James, "'Climategate' inquiries were 'highly defective', report for sceptic thinktank rules", The Guardian , 14 September 2010. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/sep/14/climategate-inquiries-lawson-report
  34. "Science and Technology Committee (Commons)" (in en). UK Parliament. http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/science-and-technology-committee/. Retrieved 12 September 2017. 
  35. David Aaronovitch (November 24, 2009). "Strip away the figleaf and reveal naysayers". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/david_aaronovitch/article6928868.ece. Retrieved January 23, 2010. 
  36. Caroline Davies; Suzanne Goldenberg (November 24, 2009). "The voices of climate change sceptics". The Guardian (London/Manchester). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/nov/24/voices-of-climate-change-denial. Retrieved January 22, 2010. 
  37. Pearce, Fred. "Montford lands some solid blows in review of 'climategate' inquiries", The Guardian, 14 September 2010. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/cif-green/2010/sep/14/montford-climategate-gwpf-review
  38. Ian Johnston, "Nigel Lawson's climate-change denial charity 'intimidated' environmental expert", The Independent, 11 May 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140511082724/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/nigel-lawsons-climatechange-denial-charity-intimidated-environmental-expert-9350069.html
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