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The Haridasa devotional movement originated in Karnataka, India, after Madhvacharya, and spread to eastern states such as Bengal and Assam of medieval India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and mystics helped shape the culture, philosophy and art of South India in general and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India. This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas (lit "servants of Lord Hari") and took shape in the 13th century – 14th century CE period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main objective of this movement was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (Madhva Siddhanta) to the masses through a literary medium known as Dasa Sahitya (lit "literature of the servants of the lord"). Prominent Hindu philosophers, poets and scholars such as Sripadaraya, Vyasathirtha, Vadirajatirtha, Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa played an important role during this time. Though the movement found its roots in the Kannada country and later spread to other parts of South India, it was a net result of earlier devotional movements such as the Veerashaiva movement (of Vachana literature in Kannada) of northern Karnataka led by Basavanna (12th century) and the Alvar saints of Tamil Nadu (10th century). Later, Vallabhacharya in Gujarat and Guru Chaitanya were influenced by the teachings of Madhvacharya. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's devotees started the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) - known colloquially as the Hare Krishna Movement. The Haridasas were saints, some of whom were wandering bards, and considered themselves as slaves of their supreme lord - Hari. While the movement was mainly heralded by the Brahmins, it was a devotional one whose ideals and thoughts pervaded and received noteworthy contributions from all sections of society. The Haridasa movement can be considered as a part of a larger Bhakti movement whose devotional inspiration to the masses lasted over a millennium. The Haridasa movement made significant contribution to Kannada devotional literature.
References
- Madhusudana Rao CR. "History of Haridasas". Dvaita Home Page. http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/overview/hist.html. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
- Arthikaje. "The Haridasa Movement". History of Karnataka. ourKarnataka.com. http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka37.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- Kamath (2001), p178
- Pujar, Narahari S.; Shrisha Rao. "Sri Vyasa Tirtha". Dvaita Home Page. http://www.dvaita.org/scholars/vyasaraja/. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- Krishnadevaraya was highly devoted to Vyasatirtha (Kamath 2001), p178)
- Vyasatirtha was highly honoured by King Krishnadevaraya (Nilakanta Sastri 1955, p324)
- Kamat, Jyotsna. "Dasa Sahitya or Slave Literature". History of Kannada literature. Kamat's Potpourri. http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/kar/literature/dasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- Pujar, Rao and Budihal. "Sri Jaya Tirtha". Online Webpage of Haridasa (dvaita.org). http://www.dvaita.org/scholars/jayatirtha/. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- Mahushudhana Rao C R. "Sri Narahari Tirtha". Online Webpage of Haridasa (dvaita.org). http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/yathi/narahari.html. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- Sastri (1955), p364
- "Yathi (Dasas) Lineage". Haridasa Webpage Online (dvaita.org). http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/general/yathi_map.html. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- Kamat, Jyotsna Dr.. "Dasa Sahitya or Slave Literature". History of Kannada Literature. Kamat's Potpourri. http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/kar/literature/dasa.htm.
- Arthikaje. "The Haridasa Movement". History of Karnataka. ourKarnataka.com. http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka38.htm.
- Rao, Madhusudana C.R.. "History of the Haridasas". www.dvaita.org. http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/overview/hist.html.
- Kamath (2001), p. 155
- Sharma (1961), p. 514
- Their poems were in ragale metre (Sastri 1955, p365)
- Sharma (1961), p515
- Kamat, Jytosna Dr.. "Kanakadasa - Poet among Saints". Kamats Potpourri-Path of devotion. http://www.kamat.com/indica/faiths/bhakti/kanakadasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
- Madhusudana Rao CR. "Haridasa Lineage". Dvaita Home Page (www.dviata.org). http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/general/das_map.html. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
- Madhusudana Rao CR. "Yathidasa Lineage". Dvaita Home Page (www.dviata.org). http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/general/yathi_map.html. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
- Mahushudhana Rao C R. "Ankitha". Online Webpage of Haridasa (dvaita.org). http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/overview/ankit.html. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- Owing to his contributions to carnatic music, Purandaradasa is known as Karnataka Sangita Pitamaha Dr. Jytosna Kamat. "Purandara Dasa". Kamats Potpourri. http://www.kamat.com/indica/faiths/bhakti/purandara.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- Madhusudana Rao CR. "Sri Purandara Dasaru". Dvaita Home Page. http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/dasas/purandara/purandara.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- S. Sowmya, K. N. Shashikiran. "History of Music". Srishti's Carnatica Private Limited. http://carnatica.net/origin.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- Madhusudana Rao CR. "Sri Purandara Dasaru". Dvaita Home Page (www.dviata.org). http://www.dvaita.org/haridasa/dasas/purandara/p_dasa1.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- Iyer (2006), p93
- Sangatya composition is meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a musical instrument (Sastri 1955, p359)
