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References

1. "Crown Rabbi". The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yale University Press. 3 August 2010. ISBN 9780300119039. OCLC 170203576. http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Crown_Rabbi. Retrieved 2015-05-31. 
2. Ray, Jonathan (2004-03-20). "Royal Authority and the Jewish Community: The Crown Rabbi in Medieval Spain and Portugal". in Jack Wertheimer. Jewish Religious Leadership: Image and Reality, Vol. 1. I. Jewish Theological Seminary. p. 307-332. ISBN 978-0873340977. https://books.google.com/books?id=PvUlAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 2014-03-19. "One of the most significant ways in which royal power came to influence the Jewish community was through the development of the post of Crown Rabbi, a product of the general expansion of royal administrations, which took place throughout the Iberian kingdoms in the second half of the thirteenth century. Buttressed by the royal court, these Jewish magistrates quickly became the preeminent fiscal and judicial authorities with the local Jewish community (aljama) and in some instances, over the Jewries of entire provinces and kingdoms. The nature and development of the rabbinate is one of the most important and controversial issues in medieval Jewish history, and a comprehensive study of the topic remains a desideratum. ... The common designation of "rabbi" used to describe both traditional Jewish legists and Jewish officials appointed by the crown has led some scholars to confuse the two. This confusion stems, in large part, from the relatively fluid and imprecise manner with which medieval Christian documents employ various renderings of the Hebrew term rav (lit. "teacher"), such as rabi, arrabi, rab and rap." 
3. Burns, Robert Ignatius (8 March 2015). "VIII. Collectories: Muslim, Christian, Jew. Role of the Jews.". Medieval Colonialism: Postcrusade Exploitation of Islamic Valencia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-4008-6759-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=k1Z9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA276. Retrieved 3 June 2015. 
4. "Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20150427062551/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/142625/Hasdai-ben-Abraham-Crescas. Retrieved 2015-06-03. 
5. Berlin, Adele; Himelstein, Shmuel (2011). "Crown Rabbi". The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion (2nd ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973004-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC. Retrieved 31 May 2015.  p. 195
6. "Senior, Abraham - JewishEncyclopedia.com". 1906. Archived from the original on 2015-04-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20150420114257/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13423-senior-abraham. Retrieved 2015-06-03. 
7. Stow, Kenneth (1 June 2009). Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-674-04405-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=kfLmJK-h3UIC&pg=PA163. Retrieved 5 June 2015. 
8. Herculano, Alexandre (1854) (in Portuguese). História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal. Tomo I.. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional. p. 86. https://books.google.com/books?id=xshGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA86. Retrieved 5 June 2015. 
9. Cardozo de Bethencourt (March 1903). J Leite de Vasconcellos. ed. "Inscriptions Hébraïques du Portugal" (in Portuguese, French). O Archeólogo português (Museu Ethnográphico Português) 8 (2): 37. https://books.google.com/books?id=EXQNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA37. Retrieved 5 June 2015. "Dans la grande division administrative du Judaisme Portugais, vers 1402, Faro fut le siege de l'un des sept auditeurs, ouvidores, relevant de l'arrabi-mor.". 
10. Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus (1907), "Moses Navarro", The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, p. 193, https://books.google.com/books?id=eTsyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA193, retrieved 5 June 2015 
11. Wexler, Paul (2006). "IX. Marrano Ibero-Romance". Jewish and Non-Jewish Creators of "Jewish" Languages: With Special Attention to Judaized Arabic, Chinese, German, Greek, Persian, Portuguese, Slavic (modern Hebrew/Yiddish), Spanish, and Karaite, and Semitic Hebrew/Ladino ; a Collection of Reprinted Articles from Across Four Decades with a Reassessment. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 513. ISBN 978-3-447-05404-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ic5Kth7aiusC&pg=PA513. Retrieved 7 June 2015. 
12. Crespo Álvarez, Macarena (2001). "El cargo de Rab Mayor de la Corte según un documento de Juan II fechado en 1450 (The post of Rab Mayor in the Court according to a document of John II issued in 1450)" (in Spanish). Edad Media: revista de historia (Middle Ages: History Magazine (Á): 157-198. ISSN 1138-9621. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=209673. 
13. Ray, Jonathan (2006). "5. Jewish Communal Organization and Authority". The Sephardic Frontier: The Reconquista and the Jewish Community in Medieval Iberia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 124–128. ISBN 0-8014-4401-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=wSXsSxs6n_8C&pg=PA124. Retrieved 4 June 2015. 
14. Roth, Norman (8 April 2014). "Abravanel Family". Medieval Jewish Civilization: An Encyclopedia. New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 6. ISBN 978-1-136-77154-5. OCLC 827973299. https://books.google.com/books?id=hvhRAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6. Retrieved 2015-06-08. 
15. Kayserling, Meyer (1867) (in German). Geschichte der Juden in Portugal. Leipzig: Oskar Leiner. p. 25. https://books.google.com/books?id=7S0rYUA2kIwC. Retrieved 5 June 2015. "That the fanaticism of this period did not claim victims in Portugal as well, was primarily due to the measures taken by then chief rabbi D. Moses Navarro. Full of apprehension, the clergy in an excess of zeal could become carried away by such labors of love here as well. In Coimbra at the end of 1391, the chief rabbi (who was also the king's personal physician) acting on behalf of all of Portuguese Jewry, presented his Lord and King a papal bull of Pope Boniface IX dated July 2, 1389, which in turn was based on an earlier edict of July 5, 1347 by a predecessor, namely the Jewish-friendly Pope Clement VI. In this bull, which was especially translated into Portuguese, it was strictly forbidden for a Christian to force a Jew to be baptised, or to strike him, rob him, or slay him; or to interrupt the Jewish festivals and ceremonies, or to disturb their cemeteries, dig up Jewish corpses, or by means of force to induce Jews to perform a job or a service which they were not legally obliged to perform in earlier times. According to a decree issued in Coimbra on July 17, 1392, King John not only publicized the bull in all cities of the kingdom, but also promulgated a law to the same effect.   Dass der Fanatismus um diese Zeit nicht auch in Portugal seine Opfer forderte, war vornehmlich den Vorkehrungen des damaligen Oberrabiners D. Moses Navarro zu danken. Voller Besorgniß, die Geistlichkeit könnte in ihrem übernatürlichen Eifer sich auch hier zu solchen Liebesdiensten hinreißen lassen, überreichte der Oberrabbiner, der auch zugleich des Königs Leibarzt war, seinem Herrn und Könige gegen Ende des Jahres 1391 in Coimbra im Namen der ganzen portugiesischen Judenheit eine Bulle des Papstes Bonifacius IX vom 2. Juli 1389, der ein Früherer Erlaß eines Vorgängers desselben, des judenfreundlichen Papstes Clemens VI, vom 5. Juli 1347 zu Grunde lag. In dieser, eigens ins Portugiesische übersetzten Bulle wurde aufs Strengste verboten, daß ein Christ einen Juden zur Taufe zwinge, ihn Schlage, beraube oder tödte, die Fest- und Feierlichkeiten der Juden störe, ihre Begräbnißplätze verletze, die jüdischen Leichen ausgrabe und die Juden zu einem Dienste oder einer Arbeit mit Gewalt verhalte, zu denen sie in früheren Zeiten gezetzlich nicht verpflichtet waren. Diese Bullen liess D. João, laut einer in Coimbra am 17. Juli 1392 getroffenen Verfügung, nicht allein in allen Städten des Reiches publiciren, er erliess auch gleichzeitig ein dem Inhalte derselben analoges Gesetz." 
16. Graetz, Heinrich; Philipp Bloch (1897). "5. The Age of Chasdaï Crescas and Isaac Ben Sheshet". History of the Jews. IV. From the Rise of the Kabbala (1270 C.E.) to the Permanent Settlement of the Marranos in Holland (1617 C.E.). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. p. 173. https://books.google.com/books?id=MIMrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA173. Retrieved 6 June 2015.