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HandWiki. Risk Factors of Schizophrenia. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36871 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Risk Factors of Schizophrenia. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36871. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Risk Factors of Schizophrenia" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36871 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 28). Risk Factors of Schizophrenia. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36871
HandWiki. "Risk Factors of Schizophrenia." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 November, 2022.
Risk Factors of Schizophrenia
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Risk factors of schizophrenia include multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The prevailing model of schizophrenia is that of a neurodevelopmental disorder with no precise boundary, or single cause, and is thought to develop from complex gene–environment interactions with involved vulnerability factors. The interactions of these risk factors are complicated, as numerous and diverse insults from conception to adulthood can be involved. The combination of genetic and environmental factors leads to deficits in the neural circuits that affect sensory input and cognitive functions. A genetic predisposition on its own, without interacting environmental factors, will not give rise to the development of schizophrenia. Environmental risk factors are many, and include pregnancy complications, prenatal stress and nutrition, and adverse childhood experiences. An environmental risk factor may act alone or in combination with others. Schizophrenia typically develops between the ages of 16–30 (generally males aged 16–25 years and females 25–30 years); about 75 percent of people living with the illness developed it in these age-ranges. Childhood schizophrenia that develops before the age of 13 is quite rare. There is on average a somewhat earlier onset for men than women, with the possible influence of the female sex hormone estrogen being one hypothesis and socio-cultural influences another. Estrogen is seen to have a dampening effect on dopamine receptors.

prenatal stress environmental risk environmental factors

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