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HandWiki. Phenomenology. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36865 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Phenomenology. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36865. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Phenomenology" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36865 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 28). Phenomenology. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36865
HandWiki. "Phenomenology." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 November, 2022.
Phenomenology
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Phenomenology (from Greek φαινόμενον, phainómenon "that which appears" and λόγος, lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness. As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere, often in contexts far removed from Husserl's early work. Phenomenology is not a unified movement; rather, the works of different authors share a 'family resemblance' but with many significant differences. Gabriella Farina states:Phenomenology, in Husserl's conception, is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects, sets of objects, and objects acting and reacting upon one another. Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by him but also by students and colleagues such as Edith Stein, Max Scheler, Roman Ingarden, and Dietrich von Hildebrand, by existentialists such as Nicolai Hartmann, Gabriel Marcel, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Jean-Paul Sartre, by hermeneutic philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Paul Ricoeur, by later French philosophers such as Jean-Luc Marion, Michel Henry, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jacques Derrida, by sociologists such as Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin, and by Christian philosophers, such as Dallas Willard.

existentialists phenomenology method of analysis

References

  1. Menon, Sangeetha; Anindya Sinha; B.V. Sreekantan (2014). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Consciousness and the Self. New Youk, Dordrecht, London: Springer. p. 172. ISBN 978-81-322-1586-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg-7BAAAQBAJ&q=phenomenology+essential+properties+and+structures+of+experience&pg=PA172. Retrieved 17 December 2015. 
  2. Orbe, Mark P. (2009). Phenomenology. In S. Littlejohn, & K. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory. (pp. 750-752). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  3. Rollinger, Robin (1999), Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano, Kluwer 
  4. Husserl, Edmund. "The Crisis of European Sciences, Part IIIB § 57. The fateful separation of transcendental philosophy and psychology.". Marxists.org. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/husserl2.htm. 
  5. Husserl, Edmund. The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970, pg. 240.
  6. Natanson, M. (1973). Edmund Husserl: Philosopher of Infinite Tasks. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
  7. Safranski, R. (1998). Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  8. Roslyn Wallach Bologh, Dialectical Phenomenology: Marx's Method, Routledge, 2009, p. 16.
  9. Smith, David Woodruff (2007), Husserl, London-New York: Routledge 
  10. Bob Sandmeyer, Husserl's Constitutive Phenomenology: Its Problem and Promise, Routledge, 2009, p. 15.
  11. Partially based on Schuhmann, Karl (2004), ""Phänomenologie": Eine Begriffsgeschichtilche Reflexion", in Leijenhorst, Cees; Steenbakkers, Piet, Karl Schuhmann. Selected Papers on Phenomenology, Dordrecht / Boston / London: Kluwer, pp. 1–33 
  12. Ernst Benz, Christian Kabbalah: Neglected Child of Theology
  13. Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1772). Anmerkungen und Zusätze zur Entwerfung der Land- und Himmelscharten. Von J. H. Lambert (1772.) Hrsg. von A. Wangerin. Mit 21 Textfiguren. (xml). W. Engelmann, reprint 1894.
  14. Martinelli, Riccardo (2015-10-30). "A Philosopher in the Lab. Carl Stumpf on Philosophy and Experimental Sciences" (in en). Philosophia Scientiæ. Travaux d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences (19–3): 23–43. doi:10.4000/philosophiascientiae.1128. ISSN 1281-2463. http://journals.openedition.org/philosophiascientiae/1128. 
  15. Phenomenology – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/
  16. Cf. interpretative phenomenological analysis in psychological qualitative research.
  17. Katinka Waelbers, Doing Good with Technologies: Taking Responsibility for the Social Role of Emerging Technologies, Springer, 2011, p. 77.
  18. Suzi Adams, "Towards a Post-Phenomenology of Life: Castoriadis' Naturphilosophie", Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol. 4, Nos. 1–2 (2008). http://cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/108/216
  19. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Phenomenology World-Wide: Foundations — Expanding Dynamics — Life-Engagements A Guide for Research and Study, Springer, 2014, p. 246.
  20. Donn Welton, The New Husserl: A Critical Reader, Indiana University Press, 2003, p. 261.
  21. Wheeler, Michael (October 12, 2011). "Martin Heidegger – 3.1 The Turn and the Contributions to Philosophy". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heidegger/#TurCon. Retrieved 2013-05-22. "In a 1947 piece, in which Heidegger distances his views from Sartre's existentialism, he links the turn to his own failure to produce the missing divisions of Being and Time [i.e., "Time and Being"]. ... At root Heidegger's later philosophy shares the deep concerns of Being and Time, in that it is driven by the same preoccupation with Being and our relationship with it that propelled the earlier work. ... [T]he later Heidegger does seem to think that his earlier focus on Dasein bears the stain of a subjectivity that ultimately blocks the path to an understanding of Being. This is not to say that the later thinking turns away altogether from the project of transcendental hermeneutic phenomenology. The project of illuminating the a priori conditions on the basis of which entities show up as intelligible to us is still at the heart of things.". 
  22. Rasmus Thybo Jensen, Dermot Moran (eds.), The Phenomenology of Embodied Subjectivity, Springer, 2014, p. 292; Douglas Low, Merleau-Ponty in Contemporary Context, Transaction Publishers, 2013, p. 21; Jack Reynolds, Merleau-Ponty and Derrida: Intertwining Embodiment and Alterity, Ohio University Press, 2004, p. 192.
  23. Michel Henry, Material Phenomenology, Fordham University Press, 2008.
  24. J. Kevin O'Regan, Erik Myin, Alva Noë, "Towards an Analytic Phenomenology: The Concepts of 'Bodiliness' and 'Grabbiness'", Seeing, Thinking and Knowing, vol. 38 (2004), pp. 103–114; Wolfgang Huemer, The Constitution of Consciousness: A Study in Analytic Phenomenology, Routledge, 2005.
  25. "John Langshaw Austin (1911—1960)". http://www.iep.utm.edu/austin/. 
  26. Paul Crowther, Phenomenologies of Art and Vision: A Post-Analytic Turn, Bloomsbury, 2013, p. 161.
  27. "Husserl, Edmund: Intentionality and Intentional Content | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy" (in en-US). https://iep.utm.edu/huss-int/. 
  28. Robert Sokolowski, Introduction to Phenomenology, Cambridge University Press (2000). Pp. 159–160. This use of the word evidence may seem strange in English, but is more common in German, which is the language Husserl wrote in.
  29. Sokolowski, Introduction, pp. 160–161.
  30. Pecorino, Philip, PhD. "Chapter 2: The Greeks: Plato: The Republic," Introduction To Philosophy, E-book, The City University of New York, 2001.
  31. I.e. if A loves B, loving is a real part of A's conscious activity – noesis – but gets its sense from the general concept of loving, which has an abstract or ideal meaning, as "loving" has a meaning in the English language independently of what an individual means by the word when they use it.
  32. For a full account of the controversy and a review of positions taken, see David Woodruff Smith, Husserl, Routledge, 2007, pp. 304–311.
  33. On the Logical Investigations, see Zahavi, Dan; Stjernfelt, Frederik, eds. (2002), One Hundred Years of Phenomenology (Husserl's Logical Investigations Revisited), Dordrecht / Boston / London: Kluwer ; and Mohanty, Jitendra Nath, ed. (1977), Readings on Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations, Den Haag: Nijhoff .
  34. "Phenomenological Approaches to Self-Consciousness", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-consciousness-phenomenological/
  35. Edmund Husserl (1959), Erste Philosophie II 1923–24, Husserliana VIII, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 189, 412.
  36. Edmund Husserl (1984), Logische Untersuchungen II, Husserliana XIX/1–2, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, p. 165; English translation: Logical Investigations I, translated by J. N. Findlay, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 273).
  37. Shaun Gallagher, Phenomenology, Springer, 2016, p. 130.
  38. Heidegger, Martin (1975), "Introduction", The Basic Problems of Phenomenology, Indiana University Press, http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/heidegge.htm 
  39. I have attempted to respond to the request for clarification of Heidegger's distinction between being and Being. My info source was http://www.uni.edu/boedeker/NNhHeidegger2.doc. It was not copied and pasted but rephrased for copyright reasons.
  40. See for instance references to Heidegger's "A Dialogue on Language between a Japanese and an Inquirer," in On the Way to Language (New York: Harper & Row, 1971). Heidegger himself had contacts with some leading Japanese intellectuals, including members of the Kyoto School, notably Hajime Tanabe, Kuki Shūzō and Kiyoshi Miki.
  41. An account given by Paul Hsao (in Heidegger and Asian Thought) records a remark by Chang Chung-Yuan claiming that "Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought"
  42. Tomonobu Imamichi, In Search of Wisdom. One Philosopher's Journey, Tokyo, International House of Japan, 2004 (quoted by Anne Fagot-Largeau during her lesson at the Collège de France on 7 December 2006). http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/phi_sci/p1184676830986.htm
  43. See for instance: Nader El-Bizri, The Phenomenological Quest between Avicenna and Heidegger (Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications SUNY, 2000) ISBN:1-58684-005-3; refer also to many of his other studies and commentaries on Heidegger, including one of his latest studies: Nader El-Bizri, 'On Dwelling: Heideggerian Allusions to Architectural Phenomenology', Studia UBB. Philosophia, Vol. 60, No. 1 (2015): 5-30
  44. A book-series under the title: Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology in Dialogue has been recently established by Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht) in association with the World Phenomenology Institute. This initiative has been initiated by the Polish phenomenologist Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, editor of Analecta Husserliana, and is co-edited by Nader El-Bizri. https://www.springer.com/series/6137
  45. See the thesis, "Convergent Phenomenology," presented to the University of Madras, June 1979.
  46. Albertazzi, Liliana (2018). "Naturalizing Phenomenology: A Must Have?". Frontiers in Psychology 9 (1933). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01933. PMID 30405469.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2018.01933
  47. Smith (2022). "Phenomenology". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. https://iep.utm.edu/phenom/. Retrieved 2022-06-13. 
  48. Husserl, Edmund (1965). "Philosophy as a rigorous science". in Lauer. Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy. Harper. pp. 69–147. 
  49. Moor, J. H. (1985). "What Is Computer Ethics?" In T. W. Bynum (ed.), Computersand Ethics. Blackwell.
  50. Bernard, G. (1999). Common Morality and Computing. Ethics and Information Technology 1(1).
  51. Introna, L. (2005) Disclosing the Digital Face: The ethics of facial recognition systems, Ethics and Information Technology, 7(2)
  52. Feenberg, A. (1999) 'Technology and Meaning', in Questioning Technology, London and New York: Routledge.
  53. Fuchs, Christian (2015) "Martin Heidegger's Anti-Semitism: Philosophy of Technology and the Media in the Light of the Black Notebooks." Triple-C Vol 13, No 1. Accessed 4 May 2017.
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