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HandWiki. Orphan Train. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36856 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Orphan Train. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36856. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Orphan Train" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36856 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 28). Orphan Train. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36856
HandWiki. "Orphan Train." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 November, 2022.
Orphan Train
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Orphan_Train

The Orphan Train Movement was a supervised welfare program that transported orphaned and homeless children from crowded Eastern cities of the United States to foster homes located largely in rural areas of the Midwest. The orphan trains operated between 1854 and 1929, relocating about 200,000 orphaned, abandoned, or homeless children. Three charitable institutions, Children's billage (founded 1851 by 24 philanthropists), the Children's Aid Society (established 1853 by Charles Loring Brace) and later, the New York Foundling Hospital, endeavored to help these children. The institutions were supported by wealthy donors and operated by professional staff. The two institutions developed a program that placed homeless, orphaned, and abandoned city children, who numbered an estimated 30,000 in New York City alone in the 1850s, in foster homes throughout the country. The children were transported to their new homes on trains that were labeled "orphan trains" or "baby trains". This relocation of children ended in the 1920s with the beginning of organized foster care in America.

homeless children foster care children

References

  1. Warren, Andrea. "The Orphan Train", The Washington Post, 1998 https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/horizon/nov98/orphan.htm
  2. "American Experience . The Orphan Trains | PBS". https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/orphan/. 
  3. "Orphan Trains". https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/o/oconnor-01orphan.html. 
  4. "History", Children's Aid Society http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/about/history
  5. "Trains Ferried Waifs To New Lives On The Prairie". tribunedigital-sunsentinel. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-09-28/features/8602270532_1_charles-loring-brace-orphan-trains-noah-lawyer. 
  6. S., Trammell, Rebecca (2009-01-01). "Orphan Train Myths and Legal Reality". The Modern American 5 (2). http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/tma/vol5/iss2/3/. 
  7. O'Connor, Stephen (2004-03-01) (in en). Orphan Trains: The Story of Charles Loring Brace and the Children He Saved and Failed. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226616674. https://books.google.com/books?id=FMUlOcn61q4C&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=boston+orphan+train+little+wanderers&source=bl&ots=XdFlE_Vv9_&sig=5eMvHSivqK9JeHOltIyaNg6tNKY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1g9yfv8vQAhUI7iYKHYI7DT04ChDoAQhHMAg#v=onepage&q=boston%20orphan%20train%20little%20wanderers&f=false. 
  8. "American Experience . The Orphan Trains | PBS". https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/orphan/orphants.html. 
  9. Scheuerman, Dan. "Lost Children: Riders on the Orphan Train", Humanities, November/December 2007 | Volume 28, Number 6 http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2007/novemberdecember/feature/lost-children-riders-the-orphan-train
  10. Writer, Patricia Middleton Staff. "Orphan trains focus of upcoming program". McPhersonSentinel. http://www.mcphersonsentinel.com/news/20161116/orphan-trains-focus-of-upcoming-program. 
  11. "They survived Minnesota's orphan trains to celebrate life – Twin Cities". http://www.twincities.com/2015/09/30/they-survived-minnesotas-orphan-trains-to-celebrate-life/. 
  12. Dianne Creagh, "The Baby Trains: Catholic Foster Care and Western Migration, 1873-1929," Journal of Social History (2012) 46#1 pp 197-218 online http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_social_history/v046/46.1.creagh.html
  13. "Orphan Train". http://www.americanbar.org/groups/child_law/orphan-train.html. 
  14. "Students Learn About Orphan Train" (in en-US). NewsOK.com. 1996-06-12. http://newsok.com/article/2542773. 
  15. Nelson, Claudia (2003-05-13) (in en). Little Strangers: Portrayals of Adoption and Foster Care in America, 1850-1929. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253109809. https://books.google.com/books?id=5Po3FdgqOw4C&pg=PA29&dq=orphan+train+slavery&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiu1ueazcvQAhXBOiYKHQUAAg84FBDoAQgaMAA#v=onepage&q=orphan%20train%20&f=false. 
  16. "Orphan Train Heritage Society of America, Inc. (OTHSA) - Encyclopedia of Arkansas". http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2400. 
  17. inc., designed by: logicmaze,. "The 8 Wonders of Kansas History - A Kansas Sampler Foundation Project". https://www.kansassampler.org/8wonders/historyresults.php?id=288. 
  18. DiPasquale, Connie. "Orphans Trains of Kansas", The Kansas Collection http://www.kancoll.org/articles/orphans/or_homes.htm
  19. "OUR CITY CHARITIES--NO. II.; The New-York Juvenile Asylum.". New York Times . January 31, 1860. https://www.nytimes.com/1860/01/31/news/our-city-charities-no-ii-the-new-york-juvenile-asylum.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved November 21, 2015.  a "...from the most careful inquiry, they regard suited to have the charge of such children. Six years of experience have increased their caution and watchfulness in this matter, and they now require such guarantees on the part of the masters as will, in their judgment, most conduce to the good of their wards. Regular reports are required both from the children and their masters, and the agent of the asylum visits the greater part of the children when making his trips to locate new companies. In this way, very few are lost sight of, and the results thus far, in the case of those indentured within two years past, are very gratifying." — ¶ 13 b "On the 30th of June, 1851, the act of incorporation was passed. The corporators named in the act were Robert B. Minturn, Myndert Van Schaick, Robert M. Stratton,.Solomon Jenner, Albert Gilbert, Stewart Brown, Francis R. Tillou, David S. Kennedy, Joseph B. Collins. Benjamin F. Butler, Isaac T. Hopper, Charles Partridge, Luther Bradish, Christopher Y. Wemple, Charles O'Conor. John D. Russ, John Duer, Peter Cooper, Apollos R. Wetmore, Frederick S. Winston, James Kelly, Silas C. Herring, Rensselaer N. Havens, and John W. Edmonds." — ¶ 7
  20. http://www.lasportshall.com/index.php?src=directory&view=inductee&srctype=detail&back=inductee&refno=309
  21. Johnson, Kristin F. (2011-01-01) (in en). The Orphan Trains. ABDO. ISBN 9781614784494. https://books.google.com/books?id=M4OR_HIoNq4C&pg=PA90&dq=orphan+train+district+attorney&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcjdDyuMvQAhXM6SYKHSGfBUQQ6AEIITAB#v=onepage&q=orphan%20train%20district%20attorney&f=false. 
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