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HandWiki. Property. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36786 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Property. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36786. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Property" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36786 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 28). Property. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36786
HandWiki. "Property." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 November, 2022.
Property
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In logic and philosophy (especially metaphysics), a property is a characteristic of an object; a red object is said to have the property of redness. The property may be considered a form of object in its own right, able to possess other properties. A property, however, differs from individual objects in that it may be instantiated, and often in more than one object. It differs from the logical/mathematical concept of class by not having any concept of extensionality, and from the philosophical concept of class in that a property is considered to be distinct from the objects which possess it. Understanding how different individual entities (or particulars) can in some sense have some of the same properties is the basis of the problem of universals.

metaphysics philosophy extensionality

References

  1. "Properties". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties/#DisTer. 
  2. Reicher, Maria. "Nonexistent Objects". https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nonexistent-objects/#DuaCopStr. 
  3. Yi, Byeong-uk (April 1999). "Is Two a Property?". Journal of Philosophy 96 (4): 163-190. doi:10.2307/2564701. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/25255/1/Is%20two%20a%20property.pdf. Retrieved 25 March 2021. 
  4. Berto, Francesco (2012). Existence as a Real Property: The Ontology of Meinongianism. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 130. ISBN 9400742061. 
  5. Borchert, Donald (2006). "Ontology". Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition. Macmillan. https://philpapers.org/rec/MONMEO-3. 
  6. Kriegel, Uriah (2019). "Introverted Metaphysics: How We Get Our Grip on the Ultimate Nature of Objects, Properties, and Causation". Metaphilosophy 50 (5): 688–707. doi:10.1111/meta.12391. https://philpapers.org/rec/KRIIMH. 
  7. Choi, Sungho; Fara, Michael (2018). "Dispositions". Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dispositions/. 
  8. Rubenstein, Eric M.. "Color". https://iep.utm.edu/color/. 
  9. "Properties". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties/#CatProVsCauPow. 
  10. "Physicalism". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/. 
  11. "Idealism". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2018. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/idealism/#Int. 
  12. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy Determinate and Determinable Properties http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinate-determinables/
  13. Georges Dicker (1998). Hume's Epistemology & Metaphysics. Routledge. pp. 31. 
  14. Forrest, Peter (2020). "The Identity of Indiscernibles: 1. Formulating the Principle". Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-indiscernible/. 
  15. Rosenkrantz, Gary S. (1979). "THE PURE AND THE IMPURE". Logique et Analyse 22 (88): 515. ISSN 0024-5836. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44085165. 
  16. Cowling, Sam (2015). "Non-Qualitative Properties". Erkenntnis 80 (2): 275–301. doi:10.1007/s10670-014-9626-9. https://philpapers.org/rec/COWNP. 
  17. "Lovely and Suspect Qualities". http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/dennett/papers/lovely&s.htm. 
  18. Nelson, Michael (1 January 2012). Zalta, Edward N.. ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/existence/. Retrieved 3 August 2016. 
  19. Orilia, Francesco; Paolini Paoletti, Michele (2020). "Properties". Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties/. 
  20. Allen, Sophie. "Properties". https://iep.utm.edu/properties/. 
  21. Tversky, Amos (1977). "Features of Similarity". Psychological Review 84 (4): 327–352. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.4.327. https://philpapers.org/rec/TVEFOS. 
  22. Blumson, Ben (2018). "Two Conceptions of Similarity". Philosophical Quarterly 68 (270): 21–37. doi:10.1093/pq/pqx021. https://philpapers.org/rec/BLUTCO-3. 
  23. MacBride, Fraser. "Relations". in Zalta, Edward N.. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/relations/. 
  24. G. E. Moore (December 15, 1919), "External and Internal Relations" http://hume.ucdavis.edu/mattey/phi156/moore.pdf
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