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HandWiki. Marrano. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36724 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Marrano. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36724. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Marrano" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36724 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 28). Marrano. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36724
HandWiki. "Marrano." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 November, 2022.
Marrano
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Marranos were Jews living in the Iberian Peninsula who converted or were forced to convert to Christianity during the Middle Ages, yet continued to practice Judaism in secret. The term specifically refers to the charge of Crypto-Judaism, whereas the term converso was used for the wider population of Jewish converts to Catholicism, whether or not they secretly still practised Jewish rites. Converts from either Judaism or Islam were referred to by the broader term of "New Christians". The term "marrano" came into later use in 1492 with the Castilian Alhambra Decree; it prohibited the practice of Judaism in Spain and required all remaining Jews to convert or leave. By then, the large majority of Jews in Spain had converted to Catholicism, and conversos numbered hundreds of thousands. They were closely monitored by the Spanish Inquisition and subject to suspicions by Catholics of the secret practice of Judaism, also known as "Marranism". In modern use "marrano" is sometimes, but not always, considered offensive; and "crypto-Jew" is occasionally preferred in scholarly works.

marranos marranism marrano

References

  1. Karen Primack, "That Word 'Marrano'". Chapter 8 (pp. 55-58) in Karen Primack (ed.) Jews in Places You Never Thought Of, KTAV Publishing House, Inc. (1998), ISBN:0881256080
  2. Adams, Susan M. et al. (2008), "The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula", American Journal of Human Genetics 83 (6): 725–736, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007, PMID 19061982 . http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2668061
  3. Adams, Bosch, et al. (2008): "Despite alternative possible sources for lineages ascribed a Sephardic Jewish origin, these proportions attest to a high level of religious conversion"
  4. "La cifra de los sefardíes puede estar sobreestimada, ya que en estos genes hay mucha diversidad y quizá absorbieron otros genes de Oriente Medio" ("The Sephardic result may be overestimated, since there is much diversity in those genes and maybe absorbed other genes from the Middle East"). ¿Pone en duda Calafell la validez de los tests de ancestros? "Están bien para los americanos, nosotros ya sabemos de dónde venimos" (Does Calafell doubt the validity of ancestry tests? "They can be good for the Americans, we already know from where we come from.") "Tres culturas en el ADN". Público.es. Archived from the original on 2009-02-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20090209005311/http://www.publico.es/ciencias/180536/tres/culturas/adn. Retrieved 2009-04-13. 
  5. Saey, Tina Hesman (4 December 2008). "Spanish Inquisition couldn't quash Moorish, Jewish genes". Science News. http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/39056/title/Spanish_Inquisition_couldn%E2%80%99t_quash_Moorish,_Jewish_genesnone : "We think it might be an overestimate" "The genetic makeup of Sephardic Jews is probably common to other Middle Eastern populations, such as the Phoenicians, that also settled the Iberian Peninsula, Calafell says. "In our study, that would have all fallen under the Jewish label."
  6. "El doctor Calafell matiza que (...) los marcadores genéticos usados para distinguir a la población con ancestros sefardíes pueden producir distorsiones". "ese 20% de españoles que el estudio señala como descendientes de sefardíes podrían haber heredado ese rasgo de movimiento más antiguos, como el de los fenicios o, incluso, primeros pobladores neolíticos hace miles de años." "Dr. Calafell clarifies that (...) the genetic markers used to distinguish the population with Sephardim ancestry may produce distortions. The 20% of Spaniards that are identified as having Sephardim ancestry in the study could have inherited that same marker from older movements like the Phoenicians, or even the first Neolithic settlers thousands of years ago" Elmundo.es http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/12/04/ciencia/1228409780.html
  7. Callaway, Ewen (December 4, 2008), "Spanish Inquisition left genetic legacy in Iberia", New Scientist, https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16200-spanish-inquisition-left-genetic-legacy-in-iberia.html .
  8. Zalloua, Pierre A. et al. (2008), "Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean", American Journal of Human Genetics 83 (5): 633–642, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012, PMID 18976729 . http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2668035
  9. Ruth Almog, "Cryptic, these crypto Jews", nda, last update 02/12/2005, haaretz.com, in English; review of Hebrew translation of Schwarz's 1925 Hanotzrim Hakhadashim Beportugal Be'meah Ha'esrim (New Christians in Portugal in the 20th Century) http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtVty.jhtml?sw=Russia&itemNo=64697
  10. Gedaliah b. Jachia the Spaniard, Sefer Shalshelet HaKabbalah, p. 268, Jerusalem 1962, while citing Sefer HaYuchasin.
  11. Cf. Salcedo Izu, Joaquín, Gran Enciclopedia Navarra, Caja de Ahorros de Navarra, Pamplona 1990, Tomo VI, voz Inquisición, pp. 131–134.
  12. González Echeverría, Francisco Javier The love for truth. Life and work of Michael Servetus (El amor a la verdad. Vida y obra de Miguel Servet), printed by Navarro y Navarro, Zaragoza, collaboration with the Government of Navarre, Department of Institutional Relations and Education of the Government of Navarre, pp. 445-450
  13. Michael Servetus Research Website with historical and graphical study on the conversos in Navarre, specifically the converso Michael de Villanueva ("Servetus"). http://michaelservetusresearch.com/ENGLISH/index.html
  14. Kamen (2014), p. 369
  15. Kamen (2014), p. 370
  16. Kamen, Henry (1985), Inquisition and Society in Spain in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 27, ISBN 0-253-22775-5 .
  17. Jewish Virtual Library – Provence https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_16137.html
  18. Henry Kamen: The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. 1999
  19. Código Civil (in Spanish) http://civil.udg.edu/normacivil/estatal/CC/1T1.htm
  20. Propuesta de IU sobre derecho preferente de moriscos a la nacionalidad (in Spanish) http://noticias.ya.com/local/andalucia/07/10/2006/mesa-propuesta-iu.html
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