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HandWiki. Chemical Ionization. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36715 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Chemical Ionization. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36715. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Chemical Ionization" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36715 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 28). Chemical Ionization. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36715
HandWiki. "Chemical Ionization." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 November, 2022.
Chemical Ionization
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Chemistry:Chemical_ionization

Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966. This technique is a branch of gaseous ion-molecule chemistry. Reagent gas molecules (often methane or ammonia) are ionized by electron ionization to form reagent ions, which subsequently react with analyte molecules in the gas phase to create analyte ions for analysis by mass spectrometry. Negative chemical ionization (NCI), charge-exchange chemical ionization, atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) are some of the common variants of the technique. CI mass spectrometry finds general application in the identification, structure elucidation and quantitation of organic compounds as well as some utility in biochemical analysis. Samples to be analyzed must be in vapour form, or else (in the case of liquids or solids), must be vapourized before introduction into the source.

chemical ionization soft ionization structure elucidation

References

  1. Field, Frank H. (2002). "Chemical ionization mass spectrometry" (in en). Accounts of Chemical Research 1 (2): 42–49. doi:10.1021/ar50002a002.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Far50002a002
  2. de Hoffmann, Edmond; Vincent Stroobant (2003). Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications (Second ed.). Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-471-48566-7. 
  3. Dass, Chhabil (2007). Fundamentals of contemporary mass spectrometry ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 9780470118498. 
  4. Hunt, Donald F.; McEwen, Charles N.; Harvey, T. Michael. (2002). "Positive and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a Townsend discharge ion source" (in en). Analytical Chemistry 47 (11): 1730–1734. doi:10.1021/ac60361a011.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fac60361a011
  5. Vestal, Marvin L. (2000). "Methods of Ion Generation". Chemical Reviews 101 (2): 361–375. http://www.igg.cas.cn/jgsz/zcxt/sygcxt/ggsys/djsdlztzp/201010/P020140310408095177115.pdf. 
  6. Gross, J. H. (2004). Mass Spectrometry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 331–354. ISBN 978-3-642-07388-5. 
  7. Sahba Ghaderi; P. S. Kulkarni; Edward B. Ledford; Charles L. Wilkins; Michael L. Gross (1981). "Chemical ionization in Fourier transform mass spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry 53 (3): 428–437. doi:10.1021/ac00226a011.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fac00226a011
  8. Byrdwell, William Craig (2001-04-01). "Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of lipids" (in en). Lipids 36 (4): 327–346. doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0725-5. ISSN 0024-4201. PMID 11383683.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11745-001-0725-5
  9. Alex. G. Harrison (15 June 1992). Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-8493-4254-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=HJ-j71b7yfIC&pg=PA1. 
  10. Dougherty R.C. (1981). "Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry: applications in environmental analytical chemistry". Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 8 (7): 283–292. doi:10.1002/bms.1200080702. PMID 7025931.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fbms.1200080702
  11. Dougherty, Ralph C. (2002). "Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry" (in en). Analytical Chemistry 53 (4): 625–636. doi:10.1021/ac00227a003.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fac00227a003
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