Monoculture

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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Monoculture

Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time. Polyculture, where more than one crop is grown in the same space at the same time, is the alternative to monoculture. Monoculture is widely used in both industrial farming and organic farming and has allowed increased efficiency in planting and harvest. Continuous monoculture, or monocropping, where the same species is grown year after year, can lead to the quicker buildup of pests and diseases, and then rapid spread where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen. The practice has been criticized for its environmental effects and for putting the food supply chain at risk. Diversity can be added both in time, as with a crop rotation or sequence, or in space, with a polyculture. Oligoculture has been suggested to describe a crop rotation of just a few crops, as is practiced by several regions of the world. The term monoculture is frequently applied for other uses to describe any group dominated by a single variety, e.g. social monoculturalism, or in the field of musicology to describe the dominance of the American and British music-industries in Western pop music, or in the field of computer science to describe a group of computers all running identical software.

polyculture computer science musicology

References

Cardinale, Bradley J.; Matulich, Kristin L.; Hooper, David U.; Byrnes, Jarrett E.; Duffy, Emmett; Gamfeldt, Lars; Balvanera, Patricia; O’Connor, Mary I. et al. (2011-03-01). "The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems". American Journal of Botany 98 (3): 572–592. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000364. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 21613148. http://www.amjbot.org/content/98/3/572.
G. Tyler Miller; Scott Spoolman (24 September 2008). Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions. Cengage Learning. pp. 279–. ISBN 978-0-495-55671-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=5gC9Dy1YWfkC&pg=PA279. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
Haspel, Tamar (9 May 2014). "Monocrops: They’re a problem, but farmers aren’t the ones who can solve it.". New York Times. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/monocrops-theyre-a-problem-but-farmers-arent-the-ones-who-can-solve-it/2014/05/09/8bfc186e-d6f8-11e3-8a78-8fe50322a72c_story.html. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
What Is Monocropping: Disadvantages Of Monoculture In Gardening http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/monoculture-gardening.htm
Monoculture Forestry https://web.archive.org/web/20090217085101/http://www.ag-network-chile.net/Monoculture%20Forestry.htm
http://www.umich.edu/~nre301/forestry-02.doc
Richardson, Edited by David M. (2000). Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge, U.K.. pp. 371. ISBN 978-0-521-78910-3
"Forestry". http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/forestry.html.
Zhu, Youyong (June 2000). "Genetic diversity and disease control in rice". International Weekly Journal of Science 406: 718–722. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v406/n6797/abs/406718a0.html. Retrieved 2000-08-17.
"Genetic Diversity and Disease Control in Rice". Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111118044541/http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Rice-Diversity-Yield.htm.
Vidal, John (2009-03-19). "'Stem rust' fungus threatens global wheat harvest". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/mar/19/rust-fungus-global-wheat-crops. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
Williams, J.L. (2015-10-22). "The Value of Genome Mapping for the Genetic Conservation of Cattle". The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Rome). http://albc-usa.etapwss.com/index.php/resources/internal/rare-breed-facts. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
Sixth mass extinction of wildlife also threatens global food supplies The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/26/sixth-mass-extinction-of-wildlife-also-threatens-global-food-supplies
Monoculture in Agriculture: Extent, Causes, and Problems-report of the Task Force on Spatial Heterogeneity in Agricultural Landscapes and Enterprises. United States. Department of Agriculture. 1973. p. 32. https://books.google.com/books?id=1uKq4YcbO0EC. Retrieved 2018-05-24. "Under monoculture, the human population tends to be sparser than under mixed agriculture [...]. The sociological imbalance of monoculture has been amplified by the type of technology adopted."
Compare: Monoculture in Agriculture: Extent, Causes, and Problems-report of the Task Force on Spatial Heterogeneity in Agricultural Landscapes and Enterprises. United States. Department of Agriculture. 1973. p. 32. https://books.google.com/books?id=1uKq4YcbO0EC. Retrieved 2018-05-24. "Sometimes seasonal demands for labor can be coordinated between two crops or with nonagricultural activity in the area."

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