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References

1. Francis 2008.
2. Thomas 2003, pp. 3-4.
3. Bayart, 243
4. Bayart, 100
5. Clapham, Christopher (July 1994). "The "Longue Durée" of the African State". African Affairs 93 (372): 434. 
6. Bayart, 242
7. Bayart, 231
8. Maier 2002, p. 5.
9. Stearns, Jason (2011). Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 17. ISBN 9781586489304. 
10. Bayart, Jean Francois (2009). Politics of the Belly: The State in Africa (2 ed.). Michigan: Wiley. p. 10. ISBN 9780745644370. 
11. Abbott, Jason (1995). "Neo-Structuralism and African Political Economy". Review of International Political Economy 2: 361. 
12. Abbott, Peter (2014). Modern African Wars (4). London: Osprey Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 9781782000761. 
13. Prunier, Gerard (2011). Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780199705832. 
14. Prunier, Gerard (2011). Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780199705832. 
15. Jackson, Stephen (2002). "Making a Killing: Criminality & Coping in the Kivu War Economy". Review of African Political Economy 29: 519. 
16. Jackson, Stephen (2002). "Making a Killing: Criminality & Coping in the Kivu War Economy". Review of African Political Economy 29: 529. 
17. Young, 153
18. Clapham, 438
19. Clapham, 439
20. Young, 152