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HandWiki. Radio Atmospheric. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36562 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Radio Atmospheric. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36562. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Radio Atmospheric" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36562 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 25). Radio Atmospheric. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36562
HandWiki. "Radio Atmospheric." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 November, 2022.
Radio Atmospheric
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Radio_atmospheric

A radio atmospheric signal or sferic (sometimes also spelled "spheric") is a broadband electromagnetic impulse that occurs as a result of natural atmospheric lightning discharges. Sferics may propagate from their lightning source without major attenuation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide, and can be received thousands of kilometres from their source. On a time-domain plot, a sferic may appear as a single high-amplitude spike in the time-domain data. On a spectrogram, a sferic appears as a vertical stripe (reflecting its broadband and impulsive nature) that may extend from a few kHz to several tens of kHz, depending on atmospheric conditions. Sferics received from about 2,000 kilometres' distance or greater have their frequencies slightly offset in time, producing tweeks. When the electromagnetic energy from a sferic escapes the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and enters the magnetosphere, it becomes dispersed by the near-Earth plasma, forming a whistler signal. Because the source of the whistler is an impulse (i.e., the sferic), a whistler may be interpreted as the impulse response of the magnetosphere (for the conditions at that particular instant).

earth–ionosphere impulse response sferic

References

  1. Uman, M. A. (1980), The Lightning Discharge, New York: Academic Press 
  2. Lewis, E. A. (1982), "High frequency radio noise", in Volland, H., CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 251–288, ISBN 9780849332265 
  3. Proctor, D. E. (1995), "Radio noise above 300 kHz due to Natural Causes", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 311–358, ISBN 9780849386473 
  4. Hayakawa, M. (1995), "Whistlers", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, II, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 155–193 
  5. Park, C. G. (1982), "Whistlers", in Volland, H, CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, II, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 21–77, ISBN 0849332273 
  6. Serhan, G. L. (1980), "The RF spectra of first and subsequent lightning return strokes in the ℓ ≈ 100 km range", Radio Science 15 (108), doi:10.1029/RS015i006p01089  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2FRS015i006p01089
  7. Volland, H. (1995), "Longwave sferics propagation within the atmospheric waveguide", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, II, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 65–93 
  8. Lin, Y.T. (1979). "Characterization of lightning return stroke electric and magnetic fields from simultaneous two-station measurements". J. Geophys. Res. 84 (C10): 6307. doi:10.1029/JC084iC10p06307. Bibcode: 1979JGR....84.6307L.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2FJC084iC10p06307
  9. Weidman, C.D.; Krider, E. P. (1979). "The radiation field wave forms produced by intracloud lightning discharge processes". J. Geophys. Res. 84 (C6): 3159. doi:10.1029/JC084iC06p03159. Bibcode: 1979JGR....84.3159W.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2FJC084iC06p03159
  10. Volland, H. (1984), Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Berlin: Springer 
  11. Wait, J. R. (1982), Wave Propagation Theory, New York: Pergamon Press 
  12. Harth, W. (1982), "Theory of low frequency wave propagation", in Volland, H., CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, II, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 133–202, ISBN 0849332273 
  13. Polk, C. (1982), "Schumann resonances", in Volland, H., CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 111–178, ISBN 9780849332265 
  14. Sentman, D. D. (1995), "Schumann resonances", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 267–295, ISBN 9780849386473 
  15. Vonnegut, B. (1982), "The physics of thundercloudes", in Volland, H, CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 1–22, ISBN 9780849332265 
  16. Williams, E. R. (1995), "Meteorological aspects of thunderstorms", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 27–60, ISBN 9780849386473 
  17. Grandt, C. (1992), "Thunderstorm monitoring in South Africa and Europe by means of VLF sferics", J. Geophys. Res. 97: 18215, doi:10.1029/92JD01623, Bibcode: 1992JGR....9718215G  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F92JD01623
  18. Orville, R. E. (1995), "Lightning detection from ground and space", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 137–149, ISBN 9780849386473 
  19. Fraser-Smith, A. C. (1995), "Low-frequency radio noise", in Volland, H., Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, I, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 297–310, ISBN 9780849386473 
  20. The acronym CCIR stands for Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications (International Consultation Committee on Radio Communications).
  21. Spaulding, A. D. (1995). "Atmospheric noise and its effects on telecommunication system performance". in Volland, H.. Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics. I. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 359–395. ISBN 9780849386473. 
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