Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Vivi Li -- 1733 2022-11-25 01:35:16

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Surya Namaskar. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36487 (accessed on 02 October 2026).
HandWiki. Surya Namaskar. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36487. Accessed October 02, 2026.
HandWiki. "Surya Namaskar" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36487 (accessed October 02, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 25). Surya Namaskar. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36487
HandWiki. "Surya Namaskar." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 November, 2022.
Surya Namaskar
Edit
The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Religion:Surya_Namaskar

Surya Namaskar (Sanskrit: सूर्यनमस्कार IAST: Sūrya Namaskāra), Salute to the Sun or Sun Salutation, is a practice in yoga as exercise incorporating a flow sequence of some twelve gracefully linked asanas. The asana sequence was first recorded as yoga in the early 20th century, though similar exercises were in use in India before that, for example among wrestlers. The basic sequence involves moving from a standing position into Downward and Upward Dog poses and then back to the standing position, but many variations are possible. The set of 12 asanas is dedicated to the solar deity Surya. In some Indian traditions, the positions are each associated with a different mantra. The precise origins of Surya Namaskar are uncertain, but the sequence was made popular in the early 20th century by Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi, the Rajah of Aundh, and adopted into yoga by Krishnamacharya in the Mysore Palace, where the Surya Namaskar classes, not then considered to be yoga, were held next door to his yogasala. Pioneering yoga teachers taught by Krishnamacharya, including Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar, taught transitions between asanas derived from Surya Namaskar to their pupils worldwide. Variant yoga sequences such as those called Chandra Namaskar (Moon Salutation) have been created based on the original sequence taught by Pant Pratinidhi.

yoga सूर्यनमस्कार yogasala

References

  1. Pratinidhi, Pant (1928). The Ten-Point Way to Health | Surya Namaskars. J. M. Dent and Sons. pp. 113–115 and whole book. https://pdfslide.net/documents/surya-namaskara-1928-the-ten-point-way-to-health-by-shrimant-balasahib-rajah-of-aundh.html. "The ten positions of a Namaskar are repeated here and may be detached without damaging the book. The pages are perforated for easy removal." 
  2. Singleton 2010, pp. 180–181, 205–206.
  3. Mehta 1990, pp. 146–147.
  4. Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA343. 
  5. Krishan Kumar Suman (2006). Yoga for Health and Relaxation. Lotus. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-81-8382-049-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=ijWWEl5ktccC&pg=PA83. 
  6. Sinha, S. C. (1 June 1996). Dictionary of Philosophy. Anmol Publications. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-7041-293-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=-zzRvh1fRzEC&pg=PA18. 
  7. Hindu Vishva. 15. 1980. p. 27. https://books.google.com/books?id=fR41AAAAIAAJ. "Sri Samarath Ramdas Swami took Surya Namaskar exercises with the Mantras as part of his Sadhana." 
  8. S. P. Sen, Dictionary of National Biography; Institute of Historical Studies, Calcutta 1972 Vols. 1–4; Institute of Historical Studies, Vol 3, page 307
  9. Alter 2000, p. 99.
  10. Alter 2004, p. 163.
  11. Singleton 2010, p. 124.
  12. Murugan, Chillayah (13 October 2016). "Surya Namaskara — Puranic origins of Valmiki Ramayana in the Mumbai Court order on Surya Namaskar for Interfaith discrimination and curtailment of fundamental rights". http://www.milligazette.com/news/14834-mumbai-order-on-surya-namaskar-interfaith-discrimination-and-curtailment-of-fundamental-rights. 
  13. sanskrit.safire.com, Aditya Hrudayam with English translation http://sanskrit.safire.com/pdf/ADITYA_TRANS.PDF
  14. Translation of Ramayana by Griffith http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/ry502.htm
  15. Mujumdar 1950.
  16. Alter 2004, p. 23.
  17. Goldberg 2016, pp. 329–331.
  18. Mohan, A. G.; Mohan, Ganesh (29 November 2009). "Memories of a Master". Yoga Journal. http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/2590. 
  19. Anderson, Diane (9 August 2010). "The YJ Interview: Partners in Peace". http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/2605. 
  20. Sjoman 1999, p. 54.
  21. Bharadwaj, S. (1896). Vyayama Dipika | Elements of Gymnastic Exercises, Indian System. Bangalore: Caxton Press. pp. Chapter 2. 
  22. Singleton 2010, p. 175-210.
  23. Singleton 2010, p. 180.
  24. Donahaye, Guy (2010). Guruji: A Portrait of Sri K Pattabhi Jois Through The Eyes of His Students. USA: D&M Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86547-749-0. 
  25. Ramaswami 2005, pp. 213-219.
  26. Vishnudevananda 1988.
  27. "How to do 12 Surya Namaskar Postures - You Should Practice Every Morning" (in en-US). 2020-03-11. https://yogavinirishikesh.com/12-surya-namaskar-postures-practice/. 
  28. Hughes, Aimee. "Sun Salutation A Versus Sun Salutation B: The Difference You Should Know". https://www.yogapedia.com/sun-salutation-a-versus-sun-salutation-b-the-difference-you-should-know/2/11269. 
  29. As shown in the Indira Gandhi Airport sculpture, above.
  30. "Surya Namaskara". 2011. http://sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection§ion_id=1233. 
  31. Omar, Shazia (27 December 2016). "Sonic salutations to the sun". Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/kundalini-rising/sonic-salutations-the-sun-1335877. 
  32. Hardowar, Radha (June 2018). "Surya Namaskar". Shri Surya Narayan Mandir. http://shrisuryanarayanmandir.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SURYA-NAMASKAR.pdf. 
  33. The Bījā mantras are sounds, not translatable words.[36]
  34. Ferretti, Andrea; Rea, Shiva (1 March 2012). "Soothing Moon Shine: Chandra Namaskar". https://www.yogajournal.com/practice/moon-shine. 
  35. Mirsky, Karina. "A Meditative Moon Salutation". https://yogainternational.com/article/view/a-meditative-moon-salutation. 
  36. Venkatesan, Supriya. "Moon Salutations". Yoga U. https://www.yogauonline.com/yoga-practice-tips-and-inspiration/moon-salutations-cultivating-lunar-nectar-and-tapping-your-softer. 
  37. Tomlinson, Kirsty. "Moon Salutation sequence". https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/practice/moon-salutation-sequence. 
  38. Mukharjee, Arindam. "Surya Namaskar steps and Benefits". Rishikesh Yoga Teacher Training Center. https://www.rishikeshyttc.com/12-steps-of-surya-namaskar. 
  39. Larson-Meyer, D. Enette (2016). "A Systematic Review of the Energy Cost and Metabolic Intensity of Yoga". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (8): 1558–1569. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000922. ISSN 0195-9131. PMID 27433961.  The review examined 17 studies, of which 10 measured the energy cost of yoga sessions. https://dx.doi.org/10.1249%2FMSS.0000000000000922
  40. Haskell, William L. (2007). "Physical Activity and Public Health". Circulation 116 (9): 1081–1093. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 17671237.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649
  41. Haskell, curious about the wide range of METs in Surya Namaskar, repeated the study (Mody) which gave the highest value; using "transition jumps, and full pushups", he obtained "agreement" with 6.4 METs.[43]
  42. Ni, Meng; Mooney, Kiersten; Balachandran, Anoop; Richards, Luca; Harriell, Kysha; Signorile, Joseph F. (2014). "Muscle utilization patterns vary by skill levels of the practitioners across specific yoga poses (asanas)". Complementary Therapies in Medicine 22 (4): 662–669. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2014.06.006. ISSN 0965-2299. PMID 25146071.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2014.06.006
  43. Bullock, B. Grace (2016). "Which Muscles Are You Using in Your Yoga Practice? A New Study Provides the Answers". https://www.yogauonline.com/yoga-anatomy/which-muscles-are-you-using-your-yoga-practice-new-study-provides-answers. 
  44. "Surya Namaskar in the words of Sri K. Pattabhi Jois". https://empowerpeace.typepad.com/empowerpeace/2010/07/surya-namaskar-in-the-words-of-sri-k-pattabhi-jois.html. 
  45. "Suryanamaskar and Yoga Atop of Mountain Summit (18600 Feet)". 3 October 2019. http://www.worldrecordsindia.com/2019/10/suryanamaskar-and-yoga-atop-of-mountain-summit-18600-feet. 
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Religion
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
HandWiki
View Times: 4.4K
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 25 Nov 2022
Table of Contents
    Notice
    You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
    OK
    Confirm
    Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
    Yes
    No
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    There is no comment~
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    ${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    Confirm
    Are you sure to Delete?
    Yes No
    Academic Video Service
    Feedback