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References

1. Pagel (1982) p. 6, citing K. Bittel, "Ist Paracelsus 1493 oder 1494 geboren?", Med. Welt 16 (1942), p. 1163, J. Strebel, Theophrastus von Hohenheim: Sämtliche Werke vol. 1 (1944), p. 38. The most frequently cited assumption that Paracelsus was born in late 1493 is due to Sudhoff, Paracelsus. Ein deutsches Lebensbild aus den Tagen der Renaissance (1936), p. 11.
2. The name Philippus is only found posthumously, first on Paracelsus' tombstone. Publications during his lifetime were under the name Theophrastus ab Hohenheim or Theophrastus Paracelsus, the additional name Aureolus is recorded in 1538. Pagel (1982), 5f.
3. Paracelsus self-identifies as Swiss (ich bin von Einsidlen, dess Lands ein Schweizer) in grosse Wundartznei (vol. 1, p. 56) and names Carinthia as his "second fatherland" (das ander mein Vatterland). Karl F. H. Marx, Zur Würdigung des Theophrastus von Hohenheim (1842), p. 3. https://books.google.com/books?id=1thLAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3
4. Allen G. Debus, "Paracelsus and the medical revolution of the Renaissance"—A 500th Anniversary Celebration from the National Library of Medicine (1993), p. 3. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/pdf/paracelsus.pdf
5. "Paracelsus", Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/442424/Paracelsus, retrieved 24 November 2011 
6. "Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology". http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/1/2.full. Retrieved 23 September 2014. 
7. De Vries, Lyke; Spruit, Leen (2017). "Paracelsus and Roman censorship – Johannes Faber's 1616 report in context". Intellectual History Review 28 (2): 5. doi:10.1080/17496977.2017.1361060.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F17496977.2017.1361060
8. Allgemeine encyclopädie der wissenschaften und künste edd. J. S. Ersch, J. G. Gruber (1838), p. 285. Rudolf Wolf, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte der Schweiz vol. 3 (1860), p. 3. The claim that Paracelsus was of common birth from both his father's and his mother's side was forwarded as early as 1572 by Thomas Erastus (who was hostile to Paracelsus). Erastus also cited the possibility that Paracelsus was native to a place called Altus Nidus (Hohes Nest) in Einsiedeln and that the name Paracelsus might be derived from this. K. J. Stephan, Neues Archiv für Geschichte, Staatenkunde, Literatur und Kunst, vol. 2 (1830), p. 299. The suggestion of Paracelsus being a Höhener of Gais is apparently due to Albrecht von Haller. It was controversially discussed in the first half of the 19th century but by the 1880s was apparently no longer considered tenable; see: Eduard Schubert, Paracelsus-Forschungen vol. 1, andschriftliche Documente zur Lebensgeschichte Theophrasts von Hohenheim (1889), 96f. https://books.google.com/books?id=c_RMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA285
9. Müller-Jahncke, Wolf-Dieter, "Paracelsus" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 20 (2001), 61–64. http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11859169X.html
10. Wear, Andrew (1995). The Western Medical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 311. 
11. C. Birchler in Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 52 (1868), 9f. A letter sent in 1526 from Basel to his friend Christoph Clauser, physician in Zürich, one of the oldest extant documents written by Paracelsus, is signed Theophrastus ex Hohenheim Eremita. Karl F. H. Marx, Zur Würdigung des Theophrastus von Hohenheim (1842), p. 3. https://books.google.com/books?id=VksWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9
12. Bautz, Traugott, ed (1993). "Paracelsus, lat. Pseudonym von Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim" (in de). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). 6. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1502–1528. ISBN 3-88309-044-1. http://www.bbkl.de/p/paracelsus.shtml. 
13. Marshall James L; Marshall Virginia R (2005). "Rediscovery of the Elements: Paracelsus" (PDF). The Hexagon of Alpha Chi Sigma (Winter): 71–8. ISSN 0164-6109. OCLC 4478114. Archived from the original on 2006-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20060928105224/http://web.unife.it/centro/paracelsus/archivi/c_2005_hexagon_winter2005.pdf. 
14. Matsys' portrait may have been drawn from life, but it has been lost. At least three copies of the portrait are known to have been made in the first half of the 17th century: one by an anonymous Flemish artist, kept in the Louvre (shown here), one by Peter Paul Rubens, kept in Brussels, and one by a student of Rubens', now kept in Uppsala.
15. Andrew Cunninghgam, "Paracelsus Fat and Thin: Thoughts on Reputations and Realities" in: Ole Peter Grell (ed.), Paracelsus (1998), 53–78 (p. 57). https://books.google.com/books?id=_m1Mf52bK70C&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false
16. "The Galileo Project". http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/paracels.html. Retrieved 2015-11-30. 
17. Conner, Clifford D (2005). A peoples history of science. New York: miners, midwives, and 'low mechanicks': Nation Books. pp. 306. ISBN 1-56025-748-2. OCLC 62164511.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62164511
18. Waite, Arthur Edward (1894). The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Paracelsus. London: James Elliott and Co. 
19. "Letter From Paracelsus to Erasmus". Prov Med J Retrosp Med Sci 7 (164): 142. 1843. PMID 21380327.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2558048
20. "Paracelsus". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/442424/Paracelsus/5504/Career-at-Basel. Retrieved 23 September 2014. 
21. Pagel, Walter (1982). Paracelsus: An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance. p. 40. ISBN 9783805535182. https://books.google.com/?id=wO244WXEBKcC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=paracelsus+luther#v=onepage&q=paracelsus%20luther&f=false. 
22. http://divinity.uchicago.edu/martycenter/publications/sightings/archive_2006/1023.shtml
23. Practica D. Theophrasti Paracelsi, gemacht auff Europen, anzufahen in den nechstkunftigen Dreyssigsten Jar biß auff das Vier und Dreyssigst nachvolgend, Gedruckt zu Nürmberg durch Friderichen Peypus M. D. XXIX. (online facsimile) http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10198676_00005.html
24. Pagel (1982), p. 5f.
25. Ingrid Kästner, in Albrecht Classen (ed.), Religion und Gesundheit: Der heilkundliche Diskurs im 16. Jahrhundert (2011), p. 166. https://books.google.com/books?id=_qmCqQfxLn0C&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q&f=false
26. Pagel (1982), p. 26. https://books.google.com/books?id=wO244WXEBKcC&pg=PA26
27. Dominiczak, Marek H. (2011-06-01). "International Year of Chemistry 2011: Paracelsus: In Praise of Mavericks". Clinical Chemistry 57 (6): 932–934. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2011.165894. ISSN 0009-9147. http://www.clinchem.org/content/57/6/932. 
28. Joachim Telle, "Paracelsus in pseudoparacelsischen Briefen", Nova Acta Paracelsica 20/21 (2007), 147–164. https://books.google.com/books?id=BGY22fzhPqwC&pg=PA147
29. Stoddart, Anna (2012). The Life of Paracelsus. Balefire Publishing. 
30. Pagel, Walter. Paracelsus; an Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance. Basel: Karger, 1958. Print.
31. The sculpture shows an "Einsiedeln woman with two healthy children" (Einsiedler Frau mit zwei gesunden Kindern) as a symbol of "motherly health". A more conventional memorial, a plaque showing the portrait of Paracelsus, was placed in Egg, Einsiedeln, in 1910 (now at the Teufelsbrücke, 47°10′03″N 8°46′00″E / 47.1675°N 8.7668°E / 47.1675; 8.7668). The 1941 monument was harshly criticized as "dishonest kitsch" (verlogener Kitsch) in the service of a conservative Catholic "cult of motherhood" (Mütterlichkeitskult) by Franz Rueb in his (generally iconoclastic) Mythos Paracelsus (1995), p. 330. http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Biography:Paracelsus¶ms=47.1675_N_8.7668_E_
32. Webster, Charles. Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time. New Haven: Yale UP, 2008. Print.
33. Habashi, Fathi (PDF). Discovering the 8th metal. International Zinc Association. http://www.zinc.org/general/ZP-Discovering_the_8th_Metal1.pdf. .
34. Hefner Alan. "Paracelsus". http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/p/paracelsus.html. 
35. Borzelleca, Joseph F. (2000-01-01). "Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology". Toxicological Sciences 53 (1): 2–4. doi:10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2. ISSN 1096-6080. PMID 10653514. http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/1/2. 
36. John S. Rigden (2003). Hydrogen: The Essential Element. Harvard University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-674-01252-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=FhFxn_lUvz0C. 
37. Doug Stewart. "Discovery of Hydrogen". Chemicool. Archived from the original on 2014-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007075447/http://www.chemicool.com/elements/hydrogen.html. Retrieved 2014-11-20. 
38. Wear, Andrew (1995). The Western Medical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 314. 
39. Wear, Andrew (1995). The Western Medical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 315. 
40. Alex Wittendorff; Claus Bjørn; Ole Peter Grell; T. Morsing; Per Barner Darnell; Hans Bjørn; Gerhardt Eriksen; Palle Lauring et al. (1994) (in Danish). Tyge Brahe. Gad. ISBN 87-12-02272-1.  p44-45
41. Sigerist, H. E. (1941). "Laudanum in the Works of Paracelsus". Bull. Hist. Med. 9: 530-544. http://www.samorini.it/doc1/alt_aut/sz/sigerist-laudanum-in-the-work-of-paracelsus.pdf. Retrieved 5 September 2018. 
42. Michael Quinion, World Wide Words, May 27, 2006 http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-opo1.htm
43. THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PARACELSUS TO MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE J. M. Stillman The Monist, Vol. 27, No. 3 (JULY, 1917), pp. 390–402
44. Natura Sophia. Paracelsus and the Light of Nature. Retrieved November 26, 2013 http://www.naturasophia.com/Paracelsus.html
45. Paracelsus, dritte defensio, 1538.
46. Ehrenwald, Jan (1976), The History of Psychotherapy: From Healing Magic to Encounter, p. 200, ISBN 9780876682807, https://books.google.com/?id=7VGgQi3NJY8C&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=their+sight+and+hearing+are+so+strong+that+unconsciously+they+have+fantasies+about+what+they+have+seen+or+heard#v=onepage&q=their%20sight%20and%20hearing%20are%20so%20strong%20that%20unconsciously%20they%20have%20fantasies%20about%20what%20they%20have%20seen%20or%20heard&f=false 
47. Werneck in Beiträge zur praktischen Heilkunde: mit vorzüglicher Berücksichtigung der medicinischen Geographie, Topographie und Epidemiologie, Volume 3 (1836), 212–216. Neues Journal zur Litteratur und Kunstgeschichte, Volume 2 (1799), 246–256. https://books.google.com/books?id=wW8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA214&lpg=PA212
48. The von Hohenheim arms showed a blue (azure) bend with three white (argent) balls in a yellow (or) field (Julius Kindler von Knobloch, Oberbadisches Geschlechterbuch vol. 1, 1894, p. 142), i.e. without the border. Franz Hartmann, Life and Doctrines (1887), p. 12 describes the arms shown on the monument in St Sebastian church, Salzburg as "a beam of silver, upon which are ranged three black balls". http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/kindlervonknobloch1898bd1/0146
49. F.A. Yates, Rosicrucian Enlightenment (1972), p. 120. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXFHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA120
50. Huser quart edition (medicinal and philosophical treatises), ten volumes, Basel, 1589–1591; Huser's edition of Paracelsus' surgical works was published posthumously in Strasbourg, 1605.
51. Eugen Weber, Apocalypses: Prophecies, Cults, and Millennial Beliefs Through the Ages (2000), p. 86. https://books.google.com/books?id=nz5m0vZHYx8C&pg=PA86
52. Un médecin d'autrefois. La vie de Paracelse, Paris (1830), reprinted 1838, German translation by Eduard Liber as Theophrastus Paracelsus oder der Arzt : historischer Roman aus den Zeiten des Mittelalters , Magdeburg (1842).
53. Paracelsus (1835) https://books.google.com/books?id=D3YCAAAAQAAJ
54. The sword was said to contain the philosopher's stone in its pommel, and Morell's tale concerns Paracelsus' death (due to his being interrupted during the casting of a spell against poisoning) and his command that the sword should be thrown into the Sihl river after he dies. Meinrad Lienert, "Der Hexenmeister" in: Schweizer Sagen und Heldengeschichten, Stuttgart (1915).
55. Udo Benzenhöfer, "Die Paracelsus-Dramen der Martha Sills-Fuchs im Unfeld des 'Vereins Deutsche Volksheilkunde' Julius Streichers" in Peter Dilg, Hartmut Rudolph (eds.), Resultate und Desiderate der Paracelsus-Forschun (1993, 163–81.
56. "NY Times: Paracelsus". NY Times. https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/37218/Paracelsus/details. Retrieved 2009-09-13. 
57. p. 73. https://books.google.com/books?id=6oiD85C9HzUC&pg=PA73