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HandWiki. Panopticon. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36327 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Panopticon. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36327. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Panopticon" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36327 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 24). Panopticon. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36327
HandWiki. "Panopticon." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 November, 2022.
Panopticon
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Philosophy:Panopticon

The Panopticon is a type of institutional building and a system of control designed by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century. The scheme of the design is to allow all (pan-) inmates of an institution to be observed (-opticon) by a single watchman without the inmates being able to tell whether or not they are being watched. Although it is physically impossible for the single watchman to observe all the inmates' cells at once, the fact that the inmates cannot know when they are being watched means that they are motivated to act as though they are being watched at all times. Thus, they are effectively compelled to regulate their own behaviour. The name may also allude to the many-eyed giant Panoptes in Greek mythology, some of whose eyes were always awake, making him a highly effective watchman. The design consists of a circular structure with an "inspection house" at its centre, from which the manager or staff of the institution is able to watch the inmates. The inmates, who are stationed around the perimeter of the structure, are unable to see into the inspection house. Bentham conceived the basic plan as being equally applicable to hospitals, schools, sanatoriums, and asylums, but he devoted most of his efforts to developing a design for a Panopticon prison. It is his prison that is now most widely meant by the term "panopticon". Bentham described the Panopticon as "a new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a quantity hitherto without example". Elsewhere, in a letter, he described the Panopticon prison as "a mill for grinding rogues honest".

institutional building asylums hospitals

References

  1. Bentham 1843d, p. 39.
  2. Semple 1993, pp. 99–100.
  3. Roth, Mitchel P (2006), Prisons and prison systems: a global encyclopedia, Greenwood, p. 33, ISBN 9780313328565, https://books.google.com/books?id=RTH31DgbTzgC&pg=PA33 
  4. Semple 1993, pp. 99–101.
  5. Semple 1993, pp. 134–40.
  6. Bentham 1995, pp. 29–95.
  7. Semple 1993, p. 118.
  8. Semple 1993, pp. 102–4, 107–8.
  9. Semple 1993, pp. 108–10, 262.
  10. Semple 1993, pp. 169–89.
  11. Semple 1993, pp. 194–7.
  12. Semple 1993, pp. 197–217.
  13. Semple 1993, pp. 217–22.
  14. Semple 1993, pp. 226–31.
  15. Semple 1993, pp. 236–9.
  16. Semple 1993, p. 244.
  17. Semple 1993, pp. 265–79.
  18. Semple 1993, pp. 279–81.
  19. Penitentiary House, etc. Act: 52 Geo. III, c. 44 (1812).
  20. Schofield, Philip (2009). Bentham: a guide for the perplexed. London: Continuum. pp. 90–93. ISBN 978-0-8264-9589-1. 
  21. Freire, Vitor Albuquerque (2009). Panóptico, Vanguardista e Ignorado. O Pavilhão de Segurança do Hospital Miguel Bombarda. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte. 
  22. Andrzejewski, Anna Vemer (2008). Building Power: Architecture and Surveillance in Victorian America. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-57233631-5. 
  23. Freire, Vítor Albuquerque, Panóptico, Vanguardista e Ignorado. O Pavilhão de Segurança do Hospital Miguel Bombarda, Libros Horizonte, Lisbon, 2009.
  24. Evans 1982, p. 228, 231.
  25. The penitential center, the largest prison in Europe, France: Mairie de Fleury-Mérogis, archived from the original on 4 December 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20071204110732/http://www.mairie-fleury-merogis.fr/_recherche/presentation/histoire/_cp.asp .
  26. Macey, David (2004). Michel Foucault (Critical Lives ed.). Reaktion Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-86189226-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=E9HAQvUjCC4C&pg=PA116. 
  27. Evans 1982, p. 228, 232.
  28. "Manila landmarks of the '30s", Philstar, 9 July 2005, http://www.philstar.com/modern-living/285731/manila-landmarks-%C2%9230s .
  29. Pentridge Prison's Panopticon, Tempus, 7 October 2014, http://tempuspodcast.com/2014/10/07/1-pentridge-prisons-panopticon .
  30. SAdP, QC, Canada: CSC SCC, http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/facilit/institutprofiles/sadp-eng.shtml .
  31. Allen, Michael Thad (2002). The Business of Genocide: the SS, slave labor, and the concentration camps. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 38. ISBN 0-80782677-4. "[Theodor Eicke] had organized Sachsenhausen on the principles of a panopticon" .
  32. (JPEG) NSW jails, AU: USQ, http://studentweb.usq.edu.au/home/d9811076/images/nswjails/1.jpg .
  33. Bentham, Jeremy (1983). Smith, M. J.; Burston, W. H.. eds. Chrestomathia. Collected Works. Oxford. pp. 106, 108–9, 124. .
  34. Bentham, Jeremy (2010). Quinn, Michael. ed. Writings on the Poor Laws. Collected Works. 2. Oxford. pp. 98–9, 105–6, 112–3, 352–3, 502–3. .
  35. Bahmueller, C. F. (1981). The National Charity Company: Jeremy Bentham's Silent Revolution. Berkeley. .
  36. Semple 1993, pp. 214–5..
  37. Farmer, Adrian (2004). Belper and Milford. Stroud: Tempus. p. 119. 
  38. Elden, Stuart (2002). "Plague, Panopticon, Police". Surveillance & Society (Kingston, Ontario, Canada: Queen's University) 1 (3): 243 (3 of the PDF). http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3339/3301. Retrieved 17 January 2014. 
  39. Belcher, Margaret (1994). "Pugin Writing". in Atterbury, Paul; Wainwright, Clive. Pugin: a Gothic Passion. London: Yale University Press. pp. 105–16 (108–9). ISBN 0-30006012-2. 
  40. Himmelfarb, Gertrude (1965). "The Haunted House of Jeremy Bentham". in Herr, Richard; Parker, Harold T.. Ideas in History: essays presented to Louis Gottschalk by his former students. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 
  41. Miller, Jacques-Alain (1975). "La despotisme de l'utile: la machine panoptique de Jeremy Bentham" (in fr). Ornicar? 3: 3–36. ; published in English as Miller, Jacques-Alain (1987). "Jeremy Bentham's Panoptic Device". October 41. 
  42. Jay, Martin (1993). Downcast eyes: the denigration of vision in twentieth-century French thought. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 381–4. ISBN 0-52008154-4. .
  43. Foucault 1995, pp. 195–210: quotation at p. 216.
  44. Allmer, Thomas (2012), Towards a Critical Theory of Surveillance in Informational Capitalism, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, p. 22 .
  45. "Cameras Help Stop Crime", The Hoya, 22 September 2006, http://www.thehoya.com/viewpoint/092206/view4.cfm .
  46. 2006, But Has 1984 Finally Arrived?, UK: Indymedia, 19 September 2006, http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2006/09/351051.html .
  47. "The New Panopticon: The Internet Viewed as a Structure of Social Control", Theory & science (ICAAP) 3 (1), http://theoryandscience.icaap.org/content/vol003.001/brignall.html 
  48. "Workshop: Exploring the Impact of User-generated Mobile Content – The Participatory Panopticon". Mobi mundi. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120311061007/http://mobimundi.net/. Retrieved 25 January 2013. 
  49. Zuboff, Shoshana (1988) (PDF), In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power, New York: Basic Books, pp. 315–61, https://courses.lis.illinois.edu/pluginfile.php/227065/mod_resource/content/1/zuboff_info_panopticon.pdf 
  50. Kowsar, Mohammad (1991) (in en). The Critical Panopticon: Essays in the Theatre and Contemporary Aesthetics. P. Lang. ISBN 9780820415611. https://books.google.dk/books/about/The_Critical_Panopticon.html?id=qrUaAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y. 
  51. Cole, Juan (June 1998). "The Baha’i Faith in America as Panopticon, 1963-1997". The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37 (2): 234–238. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bahai/1999/jssr/bhjssr.htm. Retrieved May 7, 2016. 
  52. Haiven, Max; Stoneman, Scott (2009) (PDF), Wal-Mart: The Panopticon of Time, pp. 3–7, http://www.opencircle.mcmaster.ca/institute-on-globalization-and-the-human-condition/documents/IGHC-WPS_09-1_HaivenStoneman.pdf .
  53. Head, Simon (2014). "Walmart and Amazon". in Bartlett, Tim. Mindless: Why Smarter Machines Makes Dumber Humans. New York, NY: Basic Books. ISBN 0-46501844-0. 
  54. Browne, Simone (2015). Dark Matters: On the Surveillance of Blackness. Durham NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822359197. https://www.dukeupress.edu/dark-matters. 
  55. McMillan, Thomas. "What does the panopticon mean in the age of digital surveillance?". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/23/panopticon-digital-surveillance-jeremy-bentham. 
  56. Orwell, George (1989) [1949], Nineteen Eighty-Four, Penguin, pp. 4, 5 .
  57. "Panopticon", Magic: The Gathering salvation, Gamepedia, http://mtgsalvation.gamepedia.com/Panopticon .
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