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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dean Liu | -- | 1448 | 2022-11-24 01:36:11 |
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A parasocial relationship (PSR) is a one-sided relationship that media users form as a result of exposure to media personas. In 1956, the term parasocial relationship was coined by Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl. They focused on the psychological attachment that was formed from viewing television personalities. Their work laid the foundation and popularized a wide range of research on parasocial phenomena. A parasocial interaction, an exposure that garners interest in a persona, becomes a parasocial relationship after repeated exposure to the media persona causes the media users to develop illusions of intimacy, friendship, and identification. Positive information learned about the media persona results in increased attraction and the relationship progresses. Parasocial relationships are enhanced due to trust and self-disclosure provided by the media persona. Media users are loyal and feel directly connected to the persona much like their close friends by observing and interpreting their appearance, gestures, voice, conversation, and conduct. Media personas have a significant amount of influence over media users, positive or negative, informing the way that they perceive certain topics or even their purchasing habits. Social media introduces additional opportunities for parasocial relationships to intensify because it provides more opportunities for intimate, reciprocal, and frequent interactions between the user and persona.
References
- Liebers, N.; Schramm, H. (2019). "Parasocial Interactions and Relationships with Media Characters-An Inventory of 60 Years of Research". Communication Research Trends 38 (2): 4–31.
- Chung, S.; Cho, H. (2017). "Fostering Parasocial Relationships with Celebrities on Social Media: Implications for Celebrity Endorsement". Psychology & Marketing 34 (4): 481–495.
- Horton, Donald; Wohl, Richard (1956). "Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance". Psychiatry 19 (3): 215–229.
- Rubin, Rebecca; McHugh, Michael (1987). "Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 31 (3): 279–292.
- Ingram, J.; Luckett, Z. (2019). "My friend Harry's a wizard: Predicting parasocial interaction with characters from fiction". Psychology of Popular Media Culture 8 (2): 148–158.
