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HandWiki. Hatha Yoga. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36263 (accessed on 13 September 2026).
HandWiki. Hatha Yoga. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36263. Accessed September 13, 2026.
HandWiki. "Hatha Yoga" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36263 (accessed September 13, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 24). Hatha Yoga. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36263
HandWiki. "Hatha Yoga." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 November, 2022.
Hatha Yoga
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Philosophy:Hatha_yoga

Hatha yoga is a branch of Yoga, one of the six schools of Hinduism. The word haṭha literally means "force" and thus alludes to a system of physical techniques.:770:527 In India hatha yoga is associated in popular tradition with the 'Yogis' of the Natha Sampradaya through its mythical founder Matsyendranath. Matsyendranath, also known as Minanath or Minapa in Tibet, is celebrated as a saint in both Buddhist and Hindu tantric and hatha yoga schools. However, James Mallinson associates hatha yoga with the Dashanami Sampradaya and the mystical figure of Dattatreya. According to the Dattatreya Yoga Śastra, there are two forms of hatha yoga: one practiced by Yajñavalkya consisting of the eight limbs of ashtanga yoga and another practiced by Kapila consisting of eight mudras. Currently, the oldest dated text to describe hatha yoga, the Amṛtasiddhi, comes from a tantric Buddhist milieu. The oldest texts to use the actual verbiage of hatha are also Vajrayana Buddhist. In the 20th century, hatha yoga, particularly asanas (the physical postures), became popular throughout the world as a form of physical exercise, and is now colloquially termed simply as "yoga."

yajñavalkya yoga kapila

References

  1. Mallinson, James (2011). Hatha Yoga Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol. 3 (pp. 770-781). Leiden: Brill.
  2. Mallinson, James. 2007. The Khecarīvidyā of Adinathā. London: Routledge. pg.17-19.
  3. Mallinson, James. "Śāktism and Haṭhayoga." In: Goddess Traditions in Tantric Hinduism: History, Practice and Doctrine, edited by Bjarne Wernicke Olesen London: Routledge, 2016. pp. 109-140. pg.120:"The Buddha himself is said to have tried both pressing his tongue to the back of his mouth, in a manner similar to that of the hathayogic khecarīmudrā, and ukkutikappadhāna, a squatting posture which may be related to hathayogic techniques such as mahāmudrā, mahābandha, mahāvedha, mūlabandha, and vajrāsana in which pressure is put on the perineum with the heel, in order to force upwards the breath or Kundalinī." http://www.khecari.com/resources/SaktismHathayoga.pdf
  4. Birch, Jason (2011). The Meaning of haṭha in Early Haṭhayoga Journal of the American Oriental Society 131.4.
  5. Birch, Jason (2011). The Meaning of haṭha in Early Haṭhayoga Journal of the American Oriental Society 131.4.
  6. Mallinson, James (2011). Hatha Yoga Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol. 3 (pp. 770-781). Leiden: Brill. https://www.academia.edu/1317005/Ha_ha_Yoga
  7. Bjarne Wernicke Olesen (2015). Goddess Traditions in Tantric Hinduism: History, Practice and Doctrine. Taylor & Francis. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-317-58521-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfmPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT147. 
  8. Mallinson, James (2013). "Hathayoga's Philosophy: A Fortuitous Union of Non-Dualities". Journal of Indian Philosophy (Springer Nature) 42 (1): 225–247. doi:10.1007/s10781-013-9217-0.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10781-013-9217-0
  9. Svatmarama (Sanskrit); Brian Akers (English Transl) (2002). The Hatha Yoga Pradipika. Yoga Vidya. pp. 1–7. ISBN 978-0-9899966-4-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=T6RVDQAAQBAJ. 
  10. James Mallinson 2011, pp. 772-773.
  11. Mikel Burley 2000, pp. 6-7.
  12. Mark Singleton 2010, pp. 27-28.
  13. James Mallinson 2011, p. 773.
  14. James Mallinson 2011, p. 774.
  15. Mark Singleton 2010, p. 28.
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  17. James Mallinson 2012, p. 26.
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  19. James Mallinson 2011, pp. 778-779.
  20. David Gordon White 2012, pp. 8-9.
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  25. Cartoons in the first half of the 20th century mocked "Hindu holy men" in Hatha yoga poses, accompanied with stories of weaknesses of Western women who fall for their yoga routines.[29]
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  28. Mark Singleton 2010, p. 213 note 14.
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  41. Mikel Burley 2000, pp. 199-200.
  42. prAna Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=prANa&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0
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  44. Monier-Williams, Āyāma, Sanskrit-English Dictionary with Etymology, Oxford University Press http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0100/mw__0181.html
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  46. Mark Singleton 2010, pp. 9, 29.
  47. Mark Singleton 2010, pp. 29, 146-153.
  48. Alain Daniélou 1955, pp. 57-62.
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  61. Mircea Eliade 2009, pp. 53-54, 66-70.
  62. Richard Rosen 2012, pp. 78-88.
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  64. Mircea Eliade 2009, pp. 54-55.
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