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HandWiki. Upāsaka and Upāsikā. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35988 (accessed on 13 September 2026).
HandWiki. Upāsaka and Upāsikā. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35988. Accessed September 13, 2026.
HandWiki. "Upāsaka and Upāsikā" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35988 (accessed September 13, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 23). Upāsaka and Upāsikā. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35988
HandWiki. "Upāsaka and Upāsikā." Encyclopedia. Web. 23 November, 2022.
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Upāsaka (masculine) or Upāsikā (feminine) are from the Sanskrit and Pāli words for "attendant". This is the title of followers of Buddhism (or, historically, of Gautama Buddha) who are not monks, nuns, or novice monastics in a Buddhist order, and who undertake certain vows. In modern times they have a connotation of dedicated piety that is best suggested by terms such as "lay devotee" or "devout lay follower".
upāsikā
upāsaka
buddhism
References
- Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 150-1, entry for "Uposatha," available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4011.pali; also see: Harvey (1990), p. 192; and Kariyawasam (1995), chapter 3, "Poya Days," available at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch3.
- Buswell & Lopez 2013, Baguan zhai.
- Harvey 2000, p. 88.
- Keown 2004, p. 22.
- Tachibana 1992, p. 65.
- Keown 2004, Uposatha.
- Buswell & Lopez 2013, Upavāsa.
- Harvey 2000, p. 87.
- "Religions – Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism". BBC. 2 October 2002. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/theravada_1.shtml.
- Watson 1988, p. 13.
- Harvey 2013, pp. 378–9.
- Keyes 1989, pp. 319–20.
- Fuengfusakul 1993, p. 157.
- Kariyawasam (1995), chapter 1, "Initiation and Worship," available at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch1.
- Phra Khantipalo,Going for Refuge http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/Clubs/buddhism/khantipalo/goingrefuge.html
- The Light of Buddha, U Sein Nyo Tun, Vol. III, No. 10, 1958 https://web.archive.org/web/20120706235311/http://www.thisismyanmar.com/nibbana/snyotun3.htm
- From 'The Teachings of the Buddha', the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Yangon, 1997 http://www.thisismyanmar.com/nibbana/precept2.htm .
- Buddhist studies, secondary level, becoming a buddhist http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s17.htm
- Blooming in the Desert: Favorite Teachings of the Wildflower Monk, p. 63, at Google Books https://books.google.com/books?id=-Yjb7ROLGmIC&pg=PA63
- "Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 24, No. 1488". Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20120731134855/http://www.cbeta.org/result/normal/T24/1488_003.htm. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
- Shih, Heng-ching (1994). The Sutra on Upāsaka Precepts. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. ISBN 0962561851. http://www.bdkamerica.org/system/files/pdf/dBET_Alpha_T1488_SutraonUpasakaPrecepts_1994.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=454.
- "Buddhist Studies (Secondary) Family and Society.". http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s08.htm.
- Nattier (2003), p. 25 n. 32. Relatedly, in the para-canonical Milindapanha (Miln. VI, 4), King Milinda refers to "a layman — clad in white, enjoying sense pleasures, dwelling as master in a house crowded with wife and children..." (Mendis, p. 112).
- Regarding the wearing of white clothes on uposatha days, see, for instance, Kariyawasam (1995), chapter 3, "Poya Days," available at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch3.
- In this article, regarding the Jivaka Sutta (AN 8.26), English translations are from Thanissaro (1997) while the Pali is from SLTP (undated), 8.1.3.6. http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an08/an08.026.than.html
- Thanissaro (1997). The Pali is: Kittāvatā nu kho bhante, upāsako hotīti (SLTP 8.1.3.1, undated).
- The Pali is: Yato kho jīvaka, buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṇghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, ettāvatā kho jīvaka, upāsako hotīti (SLTP 8.1.3.1, undated).
- Thanissaro (1997). SLTP (undated).
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