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1. first use of the term “democratic deficit” BY RICHARD – 10/10/1977 POSTED IN: ARCHIVES Political Union. http://www.federalunion.org.uk/the-first-use-of-the-term-democratic-deficit/
2. Marquand, David (1979). Parliament for Europe. Cape. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-224-01716-9. "The resulting 'democratic deficit' would not be acceptable in a Community committed to democratic principles."  Chalmers, Damian (2006). European Union law: text and materials. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-521-52741-5. "'Democratic deficit' is a term coined in 1979 by the British political scientist . . . David Marquand ."  Meny, Yves (2003). "De La Democratie En Europe: Old Concepts and New Challenges". Journal of Common Market Studies 41: 1–13. doi:10.1111/1468-5965.t01-1-00408. "Since David Marquand coined his famous phrase 'democratic deficit' to describe the functioning of the European Community, the debate has raged about the extent and content of this deficit.".  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-5965.t01-1-00408
3. "Glossary: Democratic deficit". European Commission. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090527031742/http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/democratic_deficit_en.htm. Retrieved 6 August 2009. "The democratic deficit is a concept invoked principally in the argument that the European Union and its various bodies suffer from a lack of democracy and seem inaccessible to the ordinary citizen because their method of operating is so complex. The view is that the Community institutional set-up is dominated by an institution combining legislative and government powers (the Council of the European Union) and an institution that lacks democratic legitimacy (the European Commission)." 
4. Chryssochoou, Dimitris N. (007). "Democracy and the European polity". in Michelle Cini. European Union politics (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, 2007. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-19-928195-4. 
5. Schütze, Robert (2012). European Constitutional Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–77. ISBN 9780521732758. 
6. "Press release no. 72/2009. Judgment of 30 June 2009" (Press release). German Federal Constitutional Court – Press office. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009. The extent of the Union's freedom of action has steadily and considerably increased, not least by the Treaty of Lisbon, so that meanwhile in some fields of policy, the European Union has a shape that corresponds to that of a federal state, i.e. is analogous to that of a state. In contrast, the internal decision-making and appointment procedures remain predominantly committed to the pattern of an international organisation, i.e. are analogous to international law; as before, the structure of the European Union essentially follows the principle of the equality of states. [. . .] Due to this structural democratic deficit, which cannot be resolved in a Staatenverbund, further steps of integration that go beyond the status quo may undermine neither the States’ political power of action nor the principle of conferral. The peoples of the Member States are the holders of the constituent power. [. . .] The constitutional identity is an inalienable element of the democratic self-determination of a people. https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/EN/2009/bvg09-072.html
7. Pernice, Ingolf; Katharina Pistor (2004). "Institutional settlements for an enlarged European Union". in George A. Bermann and Katharina Pistor. Law and governance in an enlarged European Union: essays in European law. Hart Publishing. pp. 3–38. ISBN 978-1-84113-426-0. "Among the most difficult challenges has been reconciling the two faces of equality – equality of states versus equality of citizens. In an international organization [. . .] the principle of equality of states would ordinarily prevail. However, the Union is of a different nature, having developed into a fully fledged 'supranational Union', a polity sui generis. But to the extent that such a polity is based upon the will of, and is constituted by, its citizens, democratic principles require that all citizens have equal rights." 
8. "Electoral Reform Society — Close the Gap — Tackling Europe's democratic deficit." (PDF). http://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/images/dynamicImages/file/Close%20the%20Gap%20FOR%20ONLINE%204.pdf. Retrieved 10 April 2017. 
9. Kreppel, Amie (2006). "Understanding the European Parliament from a Federalist Perspective: The Legislatures of the USA and EU Compared". Center for European Studies, University of Florida. http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/kreppel/COMFEDFINAL.pdf. Retrieved 26 September 2008. 
10. "Organisational structure". European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/about/index_en.htm. Retrieved 10 April 2017. 
11. Kelemen, R. Daniel (2012). The Rules of Federalism: Institutions and Regulatory Politics in the EU and Beyond. Harvard University Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0-674-01309-4. 
12. "A democratic nightmare: Seeking to confront the rise of Eurosceptics and fill the democratic deficit". The Economist. October 26, 2013. https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21588381-seeking-confront-rise-eurosceptics-and-fill-democratic-deficit-democratic. Retrieved 3 October 2014. 
13. "The EU's democratic challenge". BBC News. 21 November 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3224666.stm. Retrieved 1 May 2010. 
14. "European Parliament election turnout". UK Political Info. http://www.ukpolitical.info/european-parliament-election-turnout.htm. Retrieved 10 April 2017. 
15. Voter turnout in the United States presidential elections
16. Euractiv.Com (25 May 2014). "It's official: Last EU election had lowest-ever turnout". Euractiv.com. http://www.euractiv.com/sections/eu-elections-2014/its-official-last-eu-election-had-lowest-ever-turnout-307773. Retrieved 10 April 2017. 
17. Avbelj, Matej. "Can the New European Constitution Remedy the EU 'Democratic Deficit'?". Open Society Institute. Archived from the original on 7 June 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090607162352/http://www.eumap.org/journal/features/2005/demodef/avbelj/. "In its formal character, the democratic deficit is measured according to the ideal of a formal legitimacy which corresponds to legality understood in the sense that democratic institutions and processes created the law on which they are based and comply with. In its social character, the democratic deficit strives for a social legitimacy that connotes a broad, empirically determined social acceptance of the system." 
18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090131055002/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.asp?id=1279&lang=EN. Retrieved 1 July 2009. 
19. Schütze, Robert (2012). European Constitutional Law. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-521-73275-8. 
20. Schütze, Robert (2012). European Constitutional Law. Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0-521-73275-8. 
21. Schütze, Robert (2012). European Constitutional Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-521-73275-8. 
22. video.consilium.europa.eu
23. "The Council of the European Union)". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/council?lang=en. 
24. "IPEX Interparliamentary EU Information Exchange )". http://www.europarl.europa.eu/webnp/webdav/site/myjahiasite/users/jribot/public/ld_ipex_brochure_en_web_NEW.pdf. 
25. Craig, Paul; Grainne De Burca; P. P. Craig (2007). "Chapter 11 Human rights in the EU". EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-19-927389-8.