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HandWiki. Space Shuttle Launch Countdown. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35786 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Space Shuttle Launch Countdown. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35786. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Space Shuttle Launch Countdown" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35786 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 22). Space Shuttle Launch Countdown. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35786
HandWiki. "Space Shuttle Launch Countdown." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 November, 2022.
Space Shuttle Launch Countdown
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The launch of Space Shuttle missions was governed by a countdown. Two clocks were maintained, the unofficial, but sometimes mentioned, L (launch) clock represented the time remaining before the scheduled launch in real time, and the more often referred to T (test) clock included several built-in holds where additional verifications were made. Built-in holds were extended if mission parameters allowed for additional checks or to correct issues. Launches of the Space Shuttle to the International Space Station did not allow for holds to be extended due to the launch window which was limited to no more than 10 minutes due to the 90 minute orbit period of the station and speed of Earth's rotation (913.6 miles per hour (1,470.3 km/h) at the Kennedy Space Center), which puts the launch pads 1,000 miles (1,600 km) east of the station on its next orbit.

countdown launch built-in

References

  1. "Space Shuttle Launch Countdown". ksc.nasa.gov. http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/countdown/count.html#T-02M50S. 
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