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HandWiki. List of Socialist States. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35735 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. List of Socialist States. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35735. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "List of Socialist States" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35735 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 22). List of Socialist States. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35735
HandWiki. "List of Socialist States." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 November, 2022.
List of Socialist States
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:List_of_socialist_states

Several past and present states have declared themselves socialist states or in the process of building socialism. The majority of self-declared socialist countries have been Marxist–Leninist or inspired by it, following the model of the Soviet Union or some form of people's or national democracy. They share a common definition of socialism and they refer to themselves as socialist states on the road to communism with a leading vanguard party structure, hence they are often called communist states. Meanwhile, the countries in the non-Marxist–Leninist category represent a wide variety of different interpretations of the term socialism and in many cases the countries do not define what they mean by it. Modern uses of the term socialism are wide in meaning and interpretation. Because a sovereign state is a different entity from the political party that rules that state at any given time, a country may be ruled by a socialist party without the country itself claiming to be socialist or the socialist party being written into the constitution. This has occurred in both one-party and multi-party political systems. In particular, there are numerous cases of social democratic and democratic socialist parties winning elections in liberal democratic states and ruling for a number of terms until a different party wins the elections. While socialist parties have won many elections around the world and most elections in the Nordic countries, many of those countries have not adopted socialism as a state ideology or written the party into the constitution. Several countries with liberal democratic constitutions mention socialism. India is a liberal democracy that has been ruled by non-socialist parties on many occasions, but its constitution makes references to socialism. Certain other countries such as Croatia, Hungary, Myanmar, and Poland have constitutions that make references to their communist and socialist past by recognizing or condemning it, but without claiming to be socialist in the present.

liberal democracy multi-party ideology

References

  1. Little, Daniel (17 May 2009). "Marx and the Taipings". University of Nebraska–Lincoln. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1538&context=chinabeatarchive. "Mao and the Chinese Communists largely represented the Taiping rebellion as a proto-communist uprising." 
  2. The sovereignty of the People's Republic of China is disputed by the Republic of China. For more information, see Cross-Strait relations. Hong Kong and Macau are administrated by the People's Republic of China under the "One country, two systems" principle. For an overview of the principle, see "One Country, Two Systems". http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/dengxiaoping/103372.htm
  3. Previously known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 2 September 1945 until 25 April 1976.[6] Reunified with the Republic of South Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[7][8]
  4. Template:Cite constitution
  5. Template:Cite constitution
  6. Evans, M. (2007). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed. London: Yale University Press. p. 34.
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  8. "2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Eritrea". Refworld. The UN Refugee Agency. March 11, 2008. https://www.refworld.org/docid/47d92c16c1.html. "The People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), previously known as the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, is the sole political party and has controlled the country since 1991." 
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  11. The sovereignty of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is disputed by the South Korea . For more information, see North Korea–South Korea relations. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Korea
  12. Template:Cite constitution
  13. Although the government's official state ideology now incorporates the Juche element of Kim Il-sung's Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism policy as opposed to orthodox Marxism–Leninism, North Korea still considers itself a socialist state.[17] According to North Korea: A Country Study by Robert L. Worden, Marxism–Leninism was abandoned immediately after the start of de-Stalinisation in the Soviet Union and it has been totally replaced by Juche since at least 1974.[18]
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  15. "The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976". India Code. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend42.htm. 
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  18. "Texto De La Constitución Política De La República De Nicaragua Con Sus Reformas Incorporadas" (in es). National Assembly of the Republic of Nicaragua. 18 February 2014. http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/gacetas/2014/2/g32.pdf. 
  19. The sovereignty of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is disputed by the Kingdom of Morocco. For more information, see the International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
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  23. Hay, Wayne (29 September 2019). "Myanmar: No sign of lasting peace in Wa State". Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/myanmar-sign-lasting-peace-wa-state-190929075944087.html. 
  24. Wa State is a one-party state governed by United Wa State Party, a Maoist and Wa nationalist party, reported to have good relations and a close connection with the Communist Party of China.
  25. Mallett-Outtrim, Ryan (13 August 2016). "Two decades on: A glimpse inside the Zapatista's capital, Oventic". Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal. http://links.org.au/mexico-zapatistas-ezln-oventic. 
  26. "Revolutionary Education in Rojava". New Compass. 17 February 2015. http://new-compass.net/articles/revolutionary-education-rojava. 
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  28. Amstutz, J. Bruce (1 July 1994). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 9780788111112. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RUSNyMH1aFQC. Retrieved 15 March 2014. 
  29. Known as the Albanian Communist Party until 1948.
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  32. Part of the Soviet Union but admitted into the United Nations as a separate entity. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations
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  34. "Chronologie BENIN". http://www.afrique-express.com/archive/OUEST/benin/beninpaysfiche/chronopol.htm
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  38. Kiernan, B. (2004) How Pol Pot came to Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, p. xix
  39. Margaret Slocomb, The People's Republic of Kampuchea, 1979-1989: The revolution after Pol Pot ISBN:978-974-9575-34-5
  40. Van Maarseveen, Henc; Van Der Tanq, Ger (21 November 1978). Written Constitutions: A Computerized Comparative Study. BRILL. p. 125. https://books.google.com/books?id=2fEeaVS1I0wC&pg=PA125
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  42. Until September 12, 1984.
  43. "Ethiopia". http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+et0127%29. 
  44. From 12 September 1984.
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  46. "Declaration of the Grenada Revolution". The Grenada Revolution Online. 25 March 1979. https://www.thegrenadarevolutiononline.com/declaration.html. 
  47. "The Manifesto of the New Jewel Movement", The Grenada Revolution Online. http://www.thegrenadarevolutiononline.com/manifesto.html
  48. Until 31 October 1956.
  49. Template:Cite constitution
  50. From 1 November 1956.
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  52. In 1992, all references to Marxism–Leninism in the constitution were dropped and replaced with Juche.[49] In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended so that not only did it remove all Marxist–Leninist references present in the first draft, but it also dropped all references to communism.[50]
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  54. "The African Communist". South African Communist Party. 16 February 1974. https://books.google.com/books?id=HslIAAAAYAAJ&q=%22power+belongs+to+the+workers+and+peasants+united+and+led+by+FRELIMO%22. 
  55. Until 21 December 1948.
  56. Template:Cite constitution
  57. From 21 December 1948.
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  59. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ceased operations in Russian territory on 6 November 1991 with the Soviet Union itself being dissolved on 26 December 1991.
  60. Known as the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) until March 1918, the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) until December 1925 and the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) until October 1952. In 1990, CPSU branches in the Russian SFSR regions formed the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
  61. Article I (R.S.F.R.S. Constitution) https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/government/constitution/1918/article1.htm
  62. 1936 Constitution of the USSR, Part I https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/18cons01.html#chap01
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  64. The annexation of the Baltic republics in 1940 is considered an illegal occupation by the current Baltic governments and by a number of Western countries, including the United States and the European Union, who assert that the states were independent countries occupied by the Soviet Union. According to Article 76 of the Constitution of the Soviet Union, the Baltic republics were officially sovereign entities in a federation. However, the Soviet Union was heavily centralized and was de facto a single federal state.
  65. "Walter Duranty Explains Changes In Soviet Constitution". Miami News. 6 February 1944. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NAQtAAAAIBAJ&pg=3477,829499&hl=en. 
  66. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ceased ruling the country on 6 March 1990, when the Congress of People’s Deputies amended Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution
  67. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ceased ruling the country on 6 March 1990 and the Soviet Union itself was dissolved on 26 December 1991.
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  69. Russian Centre of Vexillology and Heraldry. "Республика Тыва". http://www.vexillographia.ru/russia/subjects/tuva.htm. 
  70. Part of the Soviet Union, it was admitted into the United Nations as a separate entity. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations
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  72. 2 September 1945 is celebrated as the National Day of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the successor to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
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  74. Until 1978.
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  76. From 1978.
  77. Known as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia until 1952.
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  79. "New Power", Time (magazine) , 4 December 1944 https://web.archive.org/web/20070817231834/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,796967,00.html
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  82. Weisburd, Arthur Mark (2010) [1997]. Use of Force: The Practice of States Since World War II. Penn State University Press. p. 79.
  83. "Loi portant sur la Mobilisation Nationale." (in fr). Article Law on National Mobilization, Act of 24 October 1981. National Assembly. https://www.presidence.dj/PresidenceOld/jo/1981/loi199an81.htm. 
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  87. Apter, David Ernest (21 February 1972) [1963]. Ghana in Transition (2nd revised ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 204. ISBN:978-0691021669.
  88. Ghana. Planning Commission (1964). Seven-year Development Plan: A Brief Outline. Office of the Planning Commission.
  89. Thomas O'Toole, Historical Dictionary of Guinea, 1978, p. 55
  90. Hunt 2005, p. 76.
  91. Richard F. Nyrop; American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies (1971). Area Handbook for Iraq. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 198. https://books.google.com/books?id=C6eBguNYflQC&pg=PA198. 
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  94. "Madagascar: 1975 Constitutional referendum". EISA. Retrieved 20 January 2020. http://www.eisa.org.za/wep/mad1975referendum.htm
  95. Lange, Marie-France (1999). "Insoumission civile et défaillance étatique : les contradictions du processus démocratique malien" (in fr). Autrepart (10): 177–134. https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/autrepart/010019329.pdf. 
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  98. "The 1979 constitution for Seychelles". Commonwealth Law Bulletin 5 (4): 1329–1332. 1979. doi:10.1080/03050718.1979.9985562.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F03050718.1979.9985562
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  102. Brace, Morocco Algeria Tunisia (Prentice Hall 1964) pp. 114-116, 121-123, 140-143.
  103. Template:Cite constitution
  104. Constitutionally a socialist state.
  105. Formerly a Marxist–Leninist state.
  106. Formerly a socialist state.
  107. "Declaración de principios de MORENA" (in es). http://morena.si/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/declaracion-de-principios-de-morena1.pdf. 
  108. Formerly a Marxist–Leninist state as part of the Soviet Union.
  109. "Central America and Caribbean: Nicaragua – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal/. 
  110. Constitutionally a socialist state during this period.
  111. Formerly a Marxist–Leninist state, turned into a multi-party system.
  112. A socialist state since 2015.
  113. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was involved in government from 1998–1999, though non-communist Boris Yeltsin held the presidency.
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