Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Camila Xu -- 2698 2022-11-22 01:42:53

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Flashback (Psychology). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35678 (accessed on 17 September 2026).
HandWiki. Flashback (Psychology). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35678. Accessed September 17, 2026.
HandWiki. "Flashback (Psychology)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35678 (accessed September 17, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 22). Flashback (Psychology). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35678
HandWiki. "Flashback (Psychology)." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 November, 2022.
Flashback (Psychology)
Edit

A flashback, or involuntary recurrent memory, is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual has a sudden, usually powerful, re-experiencing of a past experience or elements of a past experience. These experiences can be happy, sad, exciting, or of any other emotion one can consider. The term is used particularly when the memory is recalled involuntarily, and/or when it is so intense that the person "relives" the experience, unable to fully recognize it as memory and not something that is happening in "real time".

past experience flashback memory

References

  1. Ball C.; Little J. (2006). "A Comparison of Involuntary Autobiographical Memory Retrievals". Applied Cognitive Psychology 20 (9): 1167–1179. doi:10.1002/acp.1264.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Facp.1264
  2. Bernsten D.; Rubin D. (2002). "Emotionally Charged Autobiographical Memories Across the Life Span:The Recall of Happy, Sad, Traumatic, and Involuntary Memories". Psychology and Aging 17 (4): 636–652. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.4.636. PMID 12507360.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0882-7974.17.4.636
  3. Baddeley, A.; Eysneck, M.; Anderson, M. (2009). Memory. New York: Psychology Press. 
  4. Brewin, C.; Gregory, J.; Lipton, M.; Burgess, N. (2010). "Intrusive Images in Psychological Disorders: Characteristics, Neural Mechanisms, and Treatment Implications". Psychological Review 117 (1): 210–232. doi:10.1037/a0018113. PMID 20063969.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2834572
  5. Ehlers A.; Hackmann A.; Michael T. (2004). "Intrusive Re-Experiencing in post-traumatic stress disorder: Phenomenology, theory and therapy". Memory 12 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1080/09658210444000025. PMID 15487537.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F09658210444000025
  6. Mole, C. Are there Special Mechanisms of Involuntary Memory?. Rev.Phil.Psych. 8, 557–571 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-016-0326-z
  7. "Memory in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Properties of Voluntary and Involuntary, Traumatic and Nontraumatic Autobiographical Memories in People With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms". Journal of Experimental Psychology 137 (4): 591–614. 2008. doi:10.1037/a0013165. PMID 18999355.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2597428
  8. Hall, N. M.; Berntsen, D. (2008). "The effect of emotional stress on involuntary and voluntary conscious memories". Memory 16 (1): 48–57. doi:10.1080/09658210701333271. PMID 17852728.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F09658210701333271
  9. Van der Kolk B. A.; van der Hart O. (1991). "The intrusive past: the flexibility of memory and the engraving trauma". American Imago 48 (4): 425–454. 
  10. Ehlers A.; Clark D. M. (2000). "A cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder". Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (4): 319–345. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0. PMID 10761279.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0005-7967%2899%2900123-0
  11. Ehlers A.; Hackmann A.; Steil R.; Clohessy S.; Wenninger K.; Winter H. (2002). "The nature of intrusive memories after trauma: The warning signal hypothesis". Behaviour Research and Therapy 40 (9): 1021–1028. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00077-8. PMID 12296496.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0005-7967%2801%2900077-8
  12. Brewin C. R.; Dalgleish T.; Joseph S. (1996). "A dual representation theory of post-traumatic stress disorder". Psychological Review 103 (4): 670–686. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.670. PMID 8888651.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0033-295x.103.4.670
  13. Berntsen, Dorthe. (2012). Involuntary autobiographical memories : an introduction to the unbidden past. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-40598-1. OCLC 784577389. http://worldcat.org/oclc/784577389. 
  14. Pinel, J. (2009) Biopsyschology. Boston: Pearson.
  15. Chris, Brewin (2012). "Source memory errors associated with reports of posttraumatic flashbacks: A proof of concept study". Cognition 124: 234-238. 
  16. Ehlers, A. (2010). "Understanding and Treating Unwanted Trauma Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Z Psycholog 218: 141-145.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3072671
  17. Swick, D., Cayton, J., Ashley, V., & Turken, A. U. (2017). Dissociation Between Working Memory Performance and Proactive Interference Control in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychologia, 111-121. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.005 https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuropsychologia.2017.01.005
  18. Rasmuseen A.; Berntsen D. (2009). "The Possible Functions of Involuntary Autobiographical Memories". Applied Cognitive Psychology 23 (8): 1137–1152. doi:10.1002/acp.1615.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Facp.1615
  19. Brenwin C.; Lanius R.; Novac A.; Schnyder U.; Galea S. (2009). "Reformulating PTSD for DSM-V: Life After Criterion A.". Journal of Traumatic Stress 22 (5): 366–373. doi:10.1002/jts.20443. PMID 19743480. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/27925/1/B_Schnyder_Journal_of_Traumatic_Stress_Manus.pdf. 
  20. Brewin, C.R. Memory and Forgetting. Curr Psychiatry Rep 20, 87 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0950-7
  21. Högberg G, Nardo D, Hällström T, Pagani M. (2011) Affective psychotherapy in post-traumatic reactions guided by affective neuroscience: memory reconsolidation and play. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 87-96. doi:10.2147/prbm.s10380. https://doi.org/10.2147%2Fprbm.s10380
  22. Squire, L. R., Stark, C. E. L., & Clark, R. E. (2004). The Medial Temporal Lobe. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27(1), 279–306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144130
  23. Whalley, M. G., Kroes, M. C. W., Huntley, Z., Rugg, M. D., Davis, S. W., & Brewin, C. R. (2013). An fMRI investigation of posttraumatic flashbacks. Brain and Cognition, 81(1), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.10.002
  24. "Reintoxication: the release of fat-stored D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) into blood is enhanced by food deprivation or ACTH exposure". British Journal of Pharmacology 158 (5): 1330–1337. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00399.x. PMID 19681888.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2782342
  25. Tym R.; Beaumont P.; Lioulios T. (2009). "Two Persisting Pathophysiological Visual Phenomena Following Psychological Trauma and Their Elimination With Rapid Eye Movements: A Possible Refinement of Construct of PTSD and Its Visual State Marker". Traumatology 15 (3): 23. doi:10.1177/1534765609335521.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1534765609335521
  26. Rintamaki L. S.; Weaver F. M.; Elbaum P. L.; Klama E. M.; Miskevics S. A. (2009). "Persistence of traumatic memories in World War II prisoners of war". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57 (12): 2257–2262. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02608.x. PMID 20121989.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2009.02608.x
  27. Mace, J. H. (2007). Involuntary Memory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 
  28. Whalley, Matthew G. (2013). "An fMRI investigation of posttraumatic flashbacks". Brain and Cognition 81 (1): 151–159. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.10.002. PMID 23207576.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3549493
  29. "Ocular Manifestations of Crystal Methamphetamine Use". Neurotoxicity Research 15 (2): 187–191. 2009. doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9019-z. PMID 19384581.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12640-009-9019-z
  30. Suzuki, J.; Halpern, J. H.; Passie, T.; Huertas, P. E. (2009). Pharmacology and treatment of substance abuse: Evidence- and outcome-based perspectives. 
  31. Fraser G. A. (Spring 2009). "The use of a synthetic cannabinoid in the management of treatment-resistant nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)". CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics 15 (1): 84–88. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00071.x. PMID 19228182.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6494011
  32. Dirks, T. (2009). "Mildred Pierce (1945)". http://www.filmsite.org/mild.html. 
More
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Others
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
View Times: 1.3K
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 22 Nov 2022
Notice
You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
OK
Confirm
Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
Yes
No
${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
Submit
Cancel
There is no comment~
${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
Submit
Cancel
${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
Submit
Cancel
Confirm
Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Academic Video Service