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1. "Tusi". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/tusi
2. Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The great caliphs : the golden age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-300-15227-2. "Hulegu killed the last ‘Abbasid caliph but also patronized the foundation of a new observatory at Maragha in Azerbayjan at the instigation of the Persian Shi‘i polymath Nasir al-Din Tusi."  Goldschmidt, Arthur; Boum, Aomar (2015). A Concise History of the Middle East. Avalon Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8133-4963-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=hSOdBAAAQBAJ. "Hulegu, contrite at the damage he had wrought, patronized the great Persian scholar, Nasiruddin Tusi (died 1274), who saved the lives of many other scientists and artists, accumulated a library of 400000 volumes, and built an astronomical ..."  Bar Hebraeus; Joosse, Nanne Pieter George (2004). A Syriac Encyclopaedia of Aristotelian Philosophy: Barhebraeus (13th C.), Butyrum Sapientiae, Books of Ethics, Economy, and Politics : a Critical Edition, with Introduction, Translation, Commentary, and Glossaries. Brill. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-04-14133-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=eYV3AAAAMAAJ. "the Persian scholar Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī"  Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2006). Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy. State University of New York Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7914-6800-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=0k5iy4RvAwcC. "In fact it was common among Persian Islamic philosophers to write few quatrains on the side often in the spirit of some of the poems of Khayyam singing about the impermanence of the world and its transience and similar themes. One needs to only recall the names of Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, Nasir al-Din Tusi and Mulla Sadra, who wrote poems along with extensive prose works."  Rodney Collomb, "The rise and fall of the Arab Empire and the founding of Western pre-eminence", Published by Spellmount, 2006. pg 127: "Khawaja Nasr ed-Din Tusi, the Persian, Khorasani, former chief scholar and scientist of" Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy, SUNY Press, 2006, ISBN:0-7914-6799-6. page 199 Seyyed H. Badakhchani. Contemplation and Action: The Spiritual Autobiography of a Muslim Scholar: Nasir al-Din Tusi (In Association With the Institute of Ismaili Studies. I. B. Tauris (December 3, 1999). ISBN:1-86064-523-2. page.1: ""Nasir al-Din Abu Ja`far Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Hasan Tusi:, the renowned Persian astronomer, philosopher and theologian" Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven John; Wallis, Faith (2005). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=SaJlbWK_-FcC. "drawn by the Persian cosmographer al-Tusi."  Laet, Sigfried J. de (1994). History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century. UNESCO. p. 908. ISBN 978-92-3-102813-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=PvlthkbFU1UC. "the Persian astronomer and philosopher Nasir al-Din Tusi."  Mirchandani, Vinnie (2010). The New Polymath: Profiles in Compound-Technology Innovations. John Wiley & Sons. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-470-76845-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=v7bP_KlooLwC&pg=PA300. "Nasir. al-Din. al-Tusi: Stay. Humble. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, the Persian polymath, talked about humility: “Anyone who does not know and does not know that he does not know is stuck forever in double ..."  Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad; Badakchani, S. J. (2005), Paradise of Submission: A Medieval Treatise on Ismaili Thought, Ismaili Texts and Translations, 5, London: I.B. Tauris in association with Institute of Ismaili Studies, pp. 2–3, ISBN 1-86064-436-8 
3. Brummelen, Glen Van (2009) (in en). The Mathematics of the Heavens and the Earth: The Early History of Trigonometry. Princeton University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-691-12973-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=bHD8IBaYN-oC&q=al-kashi+law+of+cosines&pg=PA182. 
4. "Al-Tusi_Nasir biography". http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir.html. "One of al-Tusi's most important mathematical contributions was the creation of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right rather than as just a tool for astronomical applications. In Treatise on the quadrilateral al-Tusi gave the first extant exposition of the whole system of plane and spherical trigonometry. This work is really the first in history on trigonometry as an independent branch of pure mathematics and the first in which all six cases for a right-angled spherical triangle are set forth." 
5. "the cambridge history of science". https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-history-of-science/islamic-mathematics/4BF4D143150C0013552902EE270AF9C2. 
6. electricpulp.com. "ṬUSI, NAṢIR-AL-DIN i. Biography – Encyclopaedia Iranica" (in en). http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tusi-nasir-al-din-bio. "His major contribution in mathematics (Nasr, 1996, pp. 208-14) is said to be in trigonometry, which for the first time was compiled by him as a new discipline in its own right. Spherical trigonometry also owes its development to his efforts, and this includes the concept of the six fundamental formulas for the solution of spherical right-angled triangles." 
7. James Winston Morris, "An Arab Machiavelli? Rhetoric, Philosophy and Politics in Ibn Khaldun’s Critique of Sufism", Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 8 (2009), pp 242–291. [1] excerpt from page 286 (footnote 39): "Ibn Khaldun’s own personal opinion is no doubt summarized in his pointed remark (Q 3: 274) that Tusi was better than any other later Iranian scholar". Original Arabic: Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldūn : dirāsah usūlīyah tārīkhīyah / li-Aḥmad Ṣubḥī Manṣūr-al-Qāhirah : Markaz Ibn Khaldūn : Dār al-Amīn, 1998. ISBN:977-19-6070-9. Excerpt from Ibn Khaldun is found in the section: الفصل الثالث و الأربعون: في أن حملة العلم في الإسلام أكثرهم العجم (On how the majority who carried knowledge forward in Islam were Persians) In this section, see the sentence where he mentions Tusi as more knowledgeable than other later Persian ('Ajam) scholars: . و أما غيره من العجم فلم نر لهم من بعد الإمام ابن الخطيب و نصير الدين الطوسي كلاما يعول على نهايته في الإصابة. فاعتير ذلك و تأمله تر عجبا في أحوال الخليقة. و الله يخلق ما بشاء لا شريك له الملك و له الحمد و هو على كل شيء قدير و حسبنا الله و نعم الوكيل و الحمد لله.
8. Nosonovsky, Michael (2018-08-14). "Abner of Burgos: The Missing Link between Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Nicolaus Copernicus?" (in en). Zutot 15 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1163/18750214-12151070. ISSN 1571-7283. https://brill.com/view/journals/zuto/15/1/article-p25_3.xml. 
9. Morrison, Robert (March 2014). "A Scholarly Intermediary between the Ottoman Empire and Renaissance Europe". Isis 105 (1): 32–57. doi:10.1086/675550. ISSN 0021-1753. PMID 24855871. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/675550. 
10. Pedersen, Olaf (1993-03-11) (in en). Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction. CUP Archive. pp. 273–274. ISBN 978-0-521-40899-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=z7M8AAAAIAAJ. 
11. Rabin, Sheila (2004-11-30). "Nicolaus Copernicus". https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/. 
12. Hartner, Willy (1973). "Copernicus, the Man, the Work, and Its History". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 117 (6): 413–422. ISSN 0003-049X. https://www.jstor.org/stable/986460. 
13. Kennedy, E. S. (October 1966). "Late Medieval Planetary Theory". Isis 57 (3): 365–378. doi:10.1086/350144. ISSN 0021-1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/350144. 
14. Dabashi, Hamid. "Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi: The philosopher/vizier and the intellectual climate of his times". Routledge History of World Philosophies. Vol I. History of Islamic Philosophy. Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman (eds.) London: Routledge. 1996. p. 529
15. Siddiqi, Bakhtyar Husain. "Nasir al-Din Tusi". A History of Islamic Philosophy. Vol 1. M. M. Sharif (ed.). Wiesbaden:: Otto Harrossowitz. 1963. p. 565
16. Virani, Shafique N. (2018-04-16). "Alamūt, Ismailism and Khwāja Qāsim Tushtarī's Recognizing God". Shii Studies Review 2 (1–2): 193–227. doi:10.1163/24682470-12340021. ISSN 2468-2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24682470-12340021. 
17. Virani, Shafique. "Hierohistory in Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation (Asās al-Taʾwīl): The Birth of Jesus" (in en). Studies in Islamic Historiography. doi:10.1163/9789004415294_007. https://www.academia.edu/41992496. 
18. Sharaf al-Din al-Muzaffar al-Tusi biography - MacTutor History of Mathematics http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Sharaf.html
19. Peter Willey, The Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria, (I.B. Tauris, 2005), 172.
20. Farhad Daftari. "اسماعیلیان سده‌های میانه در سرزمین‌های ایران | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". http://akdn2stg.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/The%20mediaeval%20Ismailis%20of%20the%20Iranian%20Lands%20-%20Farsi-103105894.pdf. 
21. Lagerlund, Henrik (2010) (in en). Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy: Philosophy Between 500 and 1500. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 825. ISBN 978-1-4020-9728-7. 
22. Michael Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, (Basic Books, 2008), 104.
23. Virani, Shafique N. (2007-04-01), "Salvation and Imamate", The Ismailis in the Middle Ages (Oxford University Press): pp. 165–182, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311730.003.0009, ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311730.003.0009, retrieved 2020-11-17 
24. H. Daiber, F.J. Ragep, "Tusi" in Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. Quote: "Tusi's prose writings, which number over 150 works, represent one of the largest collections by a single Islamic author. Writing in both Arabic and Persian, Nasir al-Din dealt with both religious ("Islamic") topics and non-religious or secular subjects ("the ancient sciences")."
25. Seyyed Hossein Nasr. The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia. Curson Press, 1996. See p. 208: "Nearly 150 treatises and letters by Nasir al-Din Tusi are known, of which 25 are in Persian and the rest in Arabic. There is even a treatise on geomancy which Tusi wrote in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, demonstrating his mastery of all three languages."
26. Lameer, Joep (29 April 2020). "A New Look at Ṭūsī's Awṣāf al-ashrāf". Journal of Islamic Manuscripts 11 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1163/1878464X-01101001.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1163%2F1878464X-01101001
27. Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 281–. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=GXejBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA281. 
28. Shams al‐Dīn al‐Bukhārī at the Mathematics Genealogy Project https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=204293
29. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi at the Mathematics Genealogy Project https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=201288
30. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi at the Mathematics Genealogy Project https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=184632
31. Craig G. Fraser, 'The cosmos: a historical perspective', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p.39 https://books.google.com/books?id=3tJr_vl6rYsC&lpg=PA39&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q&f=false
32. George Saliba, 'Al-Qushji's Reform of the Ptolemaic Model for Mercury', Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, v.3 1993, pp.161-203 http://www.tad.org.tr/wp-content/files/webfiles/alikuscu_makale_saliba.pdf
33. George Saliba, 'Revisiting the Astronomical Contacts Between the World of Islam and Renaissance Europe: The Byzantine Connection', 'The occult sciences in Byzantium', 2006, p.368 https://books.google.com/books?id=muGVUiKEYccC&lpg=PA368&pg=PA368#v=onepage&q&f=false
34. Ragep, F. Jamil (2001), "Freeing Astronomy from Philosophy: An Aspect of Islamic Influence on Science", Osiris 16, 2nd ser.: 49–64, doi:10.1086/649338, Bibcode: 2001Osir...16...49R, http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=156332&custom_att_2=direct , at p. 60.
35. F. Jamil Ragep (2001), "Tusi and Copernicus: The Earth's Motion in Context", Science in Context 14 (1-2), p. 145–163. Cambridge University Press . https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20University%20Press
36. Ragep, Jamil, Nasir al-Din Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fi `ilm al-hay’ a) Edition, Translation, Commentary, and Introduction. 2 vols. Sources in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993. pp. 129
37. O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 2002). "Galileo Galilei". University of St Andrews. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Galileo.html. 
38. Tony Street (July 23, 2008). "Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Language and Logic". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-language. 
39. "trigonometry". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605281/trigonometry. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
40. * Katz, Victor J. (1993). A History of Mathematics: An Introduction, p259. Addison Wesley. ISBN:0-673-38039-4.
41. Bosworth, Clifford E.; Asimov (2003). History of civilizations of Central Asia.. 4. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 190. ISBN 81-208-1596-3. 
42. Hayes, John R.; Badeau, John S. (1983). The genius of Arab civilization : source of Renaissance (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 156. ISBN 0-262-08136-9. 
43. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir.html,"One of al-Tusi's most important mathematical contributions was the creation of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right rather than as just a tool for astronomical applications. In Treatise on the quadrilateral al-Tusi gave the first extant exposition of the whole system of plane and spherical trigonometry. This work is really the first in history on trigonometry as an independent branch of pure mathematics and the first in which all six cases for a right-angled spherical triangle are set forth"/
44. Berggren, J. Lennart (2007). "Mathematics in Medieval Islam". The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook. Princeton University Press. p. 518. ISBN 978-0-691-11485-9. 
45. Also the 'sine law' (of geometry and trigonometry, applicable to spherical trigonometry) is attributed, among others, to Alkhujandi. (The three others are Abul Wafa Bozjani, Nasiruddin Tusi, and Abu Nasr Mansur). Razvi, Syed Abbas Hasan (1991) A history of science, technology, and culture in Central Asia, Volume 1 University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, page 358, OCLC 26317600 https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26317600
46. Bijli suggests that three mathematicians are in contention for the honor, Alkhujandi, Abdul-Wafa and Mansur, leaving out Nasiruddin Tusi. Bijli, Shah Muhammad and Delli, Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i (2004) Early Muslims and their contribution to science: ninth to fourteenth century Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, Delhi, India, page 44, OCLC 66527483 https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66527483
47. Kirchner, E. (2013). "Color theory and color order in medieval Islam: A review". Color Research & Application 40 (1): 5-16. doi:10.1002/col.21861.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fcol.21861
48. Smithson, H.E.; Dinkova-Bruun, G.; Gasper, G.E.M.; Huxtable, M.; McLeish, T.C.B.; Panti, C. (2012). "A three-dimensional color space from the 13th century". J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29 (2): 346-352. doi:10.1364/josaa.29.00A346.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3287286
49. Nasir ad-Din Tusi (1964) The Nasirean Ethics (translator: G.M. Wickens). London: Allen & Unwin, p. 44.
50. Nasir ad-Din Tusi (1964) The Nasirean Ethics (translator: G.M. Wickens). London: Allen & Unwin, p. 45.
51. Nasir ad-Din Tusi (1964) The Nasirean Ethics (translator: G.M. Wickens). London: Allen & Unwin, p. 45f.
52. Nasir ad-Din Tusi (1964) The Nasirean Ethics (translator: G.M. Wickens). London: Allen & Unwin, p. 42 (emphasis added).
53. Alakbarli, Farid (Summer 2001). "A 13th-Century Darwin? Tusi's Views on Evolution". Azerbaijan International 9 (2): 48–49. http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/92_folder/92_articles/92_tusi.html. 
54. Shoja, M.M.; Tubbs, R.S. (2007). "The history of anatomy in Persia". Journal of Anatomy 210 (4): 359–378. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00711.x. PMID 17428200.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2100290
55. Alakbarli, Farid (2001). "A 13th-Century Darwin? Tusi's Views on Evolution". Azerbaijan International 9 (2 (Summer 2001)): 48–49. https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/92_folder/92_articles/92_tusi.html. Retrieved 27 January 2018. "While this reasoning may seem backward to today's Western mind, some of Tusi's theories did have merit. For instance, Tusi believed that a body of matter is able to change, but is not able to entirely disappear. He wrote: 'A body of matter cannot disappear completely. It only changes its form, condition, composition, color and other properties and turns into a different complex or elementary matter'.". 
56. Freely, John (2011). Light from the East. doi:10.5040/9780755600007. ISBN 9780755600007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755600007. 
57. Freely, John (2011). Light from the East: How the Science of Medieval Islam Helped to Shape the Western World. I.B.Tauris. doi:10.5040/9780755600007. ISBN 978-0-7556-0000-7. https://www.bloomsburymedievalstudies.com/encyclopedia?docid=b-9780755600007. 
58. 2003ASPC..289..157B Page 157. Adsabs.harvard.edu. Bibcode: 2003ASPC..289..157B.  http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ASPC..289..157B
59. 10269 tusi - Mano biblioteka - Google knygos. https://books.google.com/books?q=10269+tusi&hl=lt. Retrieved 2013-02-27. 
60. "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's 812th Birthday". https://www.google.com/doodles/nasir-al-din-al-tusis-812th-birthday. 
61. "In Persian نگاه عربی به خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی در گوگل". 19 February 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/science/2013/02/130219_l42_khaje_nasir_google.shtml. 
62. "مرکز تقويم موسسه ژئوفيزيک دانشگاه تهران". http://calendar.ut.ac.ir. 
63. Veselovsky, I. N. (1973-06-01). "Copernicus and Nasīr Al-DĪn AL-TŪSĪ" (in en). Journal for the History of Astronomy 4 (2): 128–130. doi:10.1177/002182867300400205. ISSN 0021-8286. https://doi.org/10.1177/002182867300400205. 
64. Blåsjö, Viktor (2014-04-15). "A Critique of the Arguments for Maragha Influence on Copernicus". Journal for the History of Astronomy 45 (2): 183–195. doi:10.1177/002182861404500203. ISSN 0021-8286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182861404500203. 
65. Blasjo, V. N. E. (2018). "A rebuttal of recent arguments for Maragha influence on Copernicus" (in en). http://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/374781/blasjo2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.