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HandWiki. Lobe-Finned Fish. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35450 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Lobe-Finned Fish. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35450. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Lobe-Finned Fish" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35450 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 21). Lobe-Finned Fish. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35450
HandWiki. "Lobe-Finned Fish." Encyclopedia. Web. 21 November, 2022.
Lobe-Finned Fish
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Sarcopterygii (/ˌsɑːrkɒptəˈrɪdʒi.aɪ/; from grc σάρξ (sárx) 'flesh', and πτέρυξ (ptérux) 'wing, fins')—sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii (from grc κροσσός (krossós) 'fringe')—is a taxon (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fishes whose members are known as lobe-finned fishes. The group Tetrapoda, a superclass including amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs and therefore birds), and mammals, evolved from certain sarcopterygians; under a cladistic view, tetrapods are themselves considered a group within Sarcopterygii. The known extant non-tetrapod sarcopterygians include two species of coelacanths and six species of lungfishes.

coelacanths sarcopterygii sarcopterygians

References

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  2. Zhu, M.; Zhao, W.; Jia, L.; Lu, J.; Qiao, T.; Qu, Q. (2009). "The oldest articulated osteichthyan reveals mosaic gnathostome characters". Nature 458 (7237): 469–474. doi:10.1038/nature07855. PMID 19325627. Bibcode: 2009Natur.458..469Z.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07855
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  4. "Pharyngula – Guiyu oneiros". 1 April 2009. http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2009/04/guiyu_oneiros.php. 
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  7. Clack, J.A. (2009). "The fin to limb transition: New data, interpretations, and hypotheses from paleontology and developmental biology". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 37 (1): 163–179. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124146. Bibcode: 2009AREPS..37..163C.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.36.031207.124146
  8. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Lepidosirenidae" in FishBase. January 2009 version. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.php?Family=Lepidosirenidae
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  11. Benton, M.J. (2004). Vertebrate Paleontology (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science. 
  12. The History of Creation, or, the Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes (8th, German ed.). D. Appleton. 1892. p. 289. https://books.google.com/books?id=ltUj8vk3auEC. "A popular exposition of the doctrine of evolution in general, and of that of Darwin, Goethe, and Lamarck in particular." 
  13. Amemiya, C.T. et al. (2013). "The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution". Nature 496 (7445): 311–316. doi:10.1038/nature12027. PMID 23598338. Bibcode: 2013Natur.496..311A.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3633110
  14. Lu, Jing; Zhu, Min; Long, John A.; Zhao, Wenjin; Senden, Tim J.; Jia, Liantao; Qiao, Tuo (2012). "The earliest known stem-tetrapod from the lower Devonian of China". Nature Communications 3: 1160. doi:10.1038/ncomms2170. PMID 23093197. Bibcode: 2012NatCo...3.1160L.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2170
  15. Janvier, Philippe (1997-01-01). "Vertebrata: Animals with backbones". The Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829/1997.01.01. 
  16. Haaramo, Mikko (2003). "Sarcopterygii". University of Helsinki. http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/sarcopterygii/sarcopterygii_1.html. 
  17. Swartz, B. (2012). "A marine stem-tetrapod from the Devonian of western North America". PLOS ONE 7 (3): e33683. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033683. PMID 22448265. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...733683S.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3308997
  18. Choo, Brian; Zhu, Min; Qu, Qingming; Yu, Xiaobo; Jia, Liantao; Zhao, Wenjin (2017-03-08). "A new osteichthyan from the late Silurian of Yunnan, China". PLOS ONE 12 (3): e0170929. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170929. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 28273081. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1270929C.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5342173
  19. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  20. The Osteolepida taxa were not addressed by Ahlberg & Johanson (1998).Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  21. "Fish-tetrapod transition got a new hypothesis in 2011". Science 2.0. 27 December 2011. http://www.science20.com/news_articles/fishtetrapod_transition_got_new_hypothesis_2011-85782. 
  22. Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz; Szrek, Piotr; Narkiewicz, Katarzyna; Narkiewicz, Marek; Ahlberg, Per E. (2010). "Tetrapod trackways from the early Middle Devonian period of Poland". Nature 463 (7277): 43–48. doi:10.1038/nature08623. PMID 20054388. Bibcode: 2010Natur.463...43N.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08623
  23. Barley, Shanta (6 January 2010). "Oldest footprints of a four-legged vertebrate discovered". New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18346-oldest-footprints-of-a-fourlegged-vertebrate-discovered.html. Retrieved 3 January 2010. 
  24. "Woodland hypothesis for Devonian tetrapod evolution". Journal of Geology (University of Chicago Press) 119 (3): 235–258. May 2011. doi:10.1086/659144. Bibcode: 2011JG....119..235R.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F659144
  25. Carroll, Irwin, & Green (2005),[24] cited in[25]
  26. Clack (2007),[27] cited in[25]
  27. King (2011),[29] cited in[30]
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