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HandWiki. Eye Chart. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35262 (accessed on 13 September 2026).
HandWiki. Eye Chart. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35262. Accessed September 13, 2026.
HandWiki. "Eye Chart" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35262 (accessed September 13, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 18). Eye Chart. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35262
HandWiki. "Eye Chart." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 November, 2022.
Eye Chart
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Organization:Eye_chart

An eye chart, or optotype, is a chart used to measure visual acuity. Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists, physicians or nurses, to screen persons for vision impairment. Ophthalmologists, physicians who specialize in the eye, also use eye charts to monitor the visual acuity of their patients in response to various therapies such as medications or surgery. The chart is placed at a standardized distance away from the person whose vision is being tested. The person then attempts to identify the symbols on the chart, starting with the larger symbols and continuing with progressively smaller symbols until the person cannot identify the symbols. The smallest symbols that can be reliably identified is considered the person's visual acuity. The Snellen chart is the most widely used. Alternative types of eye charts include the logMAR chart, Landolt C, E chart, Lea test, Golovin–Sivtsev table, the Rosenbaum chart, and the Jaeger chart. As previously mentioned, eye charts measure visual acuity. Eye charts do not provide doctors with information on eye diseases such as glaucoma, problems with the retina, or loss of peripheral vision.

visual acuity glaucoma eye diseases

References

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  2. Schett, A., and C. R. Keeler. The Ophthalmoscope. Wayenborgh Publishing, 2018.
  3. Azzam, Daniel, and Yasmyne Ronquillo. “Snellen Chart.” StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, 2021. PubMed, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558961/.
  4. Rothenstein, Julian, and Mel Gooding, editors. A2Z+: Alphabets & Signs. Princeton Architectural Press, 2018.
  5. Schett, A., and C. R. Keeler. The Ophthalmoscope. Wayenborgh Publishing, 2018.
  6. Snyder, Charles. Our Ophthalmic Heritage. 1967. Little, Brown and Company.
  7. Vimont, Celia. “All About the Eye Chart.” American Academy of Ophthalmology, 25 Feb. 2021, https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-chart-facts-history.
  8. Wade, Nicholas, and Mike Swanston. Visual Perception: An Introduction, 3rd Edition. Psychology Press, 2013.
  9. Goes, Frank Joseph. The Eye in History. JP Medical Ltd, 2013.
  10. Mishima, S. The History of Ophthalmology in Japan. Wayenborgh Publishing, 2018.
  11. Appelboom, Tina M. “A History of Vision Screening.” Journal of School of Health 55, no. 4 (April 1985): 138-141
  12. Nottingham Chaplin, P. Kay, and Geoffrey E. Bradford. “A Historical Review of Distance Vision Screening Eye Charts: What to Toss, What to Keep, and What to Replace.” NASN School Nurse, vol. 26, no. 4, July 2011, pp. 221–228, doi:10.1177/1942602X11411094.
  13. "Medline Plus, Visual Acuity Test". https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003396.htm. 
  14. "All About the Eye Chart" (in en). 2021-02-25. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-chart-facts-history. 
  15. "VALIDITY OF OUTCOME MEASURES". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK349531/. 
  16. "Home vision tests: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003446.htm. 
  17. Hussain, Badrul; Saleh, George M; Sivaprasad, Sobha; Hammond, Christopher J (2006). "Changing from Snellen to LogMAR: debate or delay?". Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 34 (1): 6–8. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01135.x. PMID 16451251.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1442-9071.2006.01135.x
  18. "Vision screening in infants, children and youth". Paediatrics & Child Health 14 (4): 246–248. April 2009. doi:10.1093/pch/14.4.246. ISSN 1205-7088. PMID 20357924.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2690539
  19. "What Is a Visual Acuity Test?". Optometrists Network. https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/comprehensive-eye-exams/what-is-a-visual-acuity-test/#:~:text=Your%20visual%20acuity%2C%20or%20clarity,setting%2C%20during%20a%20vision%20screening.. 
  20. Repka, Michael. "Home Eye Test for Children and Adults". American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/home-eye-test-children-adults. 
  21. Claessens, Janneau L. J.; Geuvers, Judith R.; Imhof, Saskia M.; Wisse, Robert P. L. (2021-06-25). "Digital Tools for the Self-Assessment of Visual Acuity: A Systematic Review". Ophthalmology and Therapy. doi:10.1007/s40123-021-00360-3. ISSN 2193-8245. PMID 34169468. PMC 8225487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40123-021-00360-3. 
  22. Hagan, JF (2008). Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision. Elk Grove. 
  23. "Photoscreening – EyeWiki". http://eyewiki.aao.org/Photoscreening. 
  24. "Amblyopia - EyeWiki". https://eyewiki.aao.org/Amblyopia. 
  25. Coates, D. R; Chin, J. M; Chung, S. T (2013). "Factors Affecting Crowded Acuity: Eccentricity and Contrast". Optometry and Vision Science 90 (7): 628–638. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e31829908a4. PMID 23770657.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3837536
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