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HandWiki. Citizenship. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35239 (accessed on 21 September 2026).
HandWiki. Citizenship. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35239. Accessed September 21, 2026.
HandWiki. "Citizenship" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35239 (accessed September 21, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 18). Citizenship. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35239
HandWiki. "Citizenship." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 November, 2022.
Citizenship
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Citizenship

Citizenship is a relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection.(quoted) Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and the conditions under which that status will be withdrawn. Recognition by a state as a citizen generally carries with it recognition of civil, political, and social rights which are not afforded to non-citizens. In general, the basic rights normally regarded as arising from citizenship are the right to a passport, the right to leave and return to the country/ies of citizenship, the right to live in that country and to work there. Some countries permit their citizens to have multiple citizenships, while others insist on exclusive allegiance. A person who does not have citizenship of any state is said to be stateless, while one who lives on state borders whose territorial status is uncertain is a border-lander.

social rights stateless citizenship

References

  1. Examples: Philippines,[3] United States.[4]
  2. "Federal Act on Swiss Citicenship (art 7.1)". https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2016/404/en. 
  3. "Bishops act to tackle sham marriages". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/bishops-act-to-tackle-sham-marriages. 
  4. "Citizenship for sale: how tycoons can go shopping for a new passport". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/02/citizenship-by-investment-passport-super-rich-nationality. 
  5. Pocock 1998, p. 32.
  6. Zarrow 1997, p. 4.
  7. Isin, Engin F., ed (2002). Handbook of Citizenship Studies. Chapter 5 -- David Burchell -- Ancient Citizenship and its Inheritors; Chapter 6 -- Rogers M. Smith -- Modern Citizenship. London: Sage. pp. 89–104, 105. ISBN 978-0-7619-6858-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=gtiZqLcJYZEC&q=%22history+of+citizenship%22&pg=PA89. 
  8. Heater 2004
  9. Hosking, Geoffrey (2005). Epochs of European Civilization: Antiquity to Renaissance. Lecture 3: Ancient Greece. United Kingdom: The Modern Scholar via Recorded Books. pp. 1, 2 (tracks). ISBN 978-1-4025-8360-5. 
  10. Hebert (editor), Yvonne M. (2002). Citizenship in transformation in Canada. chapters by Veronica Strong-Boag, Yvonne Hebert, Lori Wilkinson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 3, 4, 5. ISBN 978-0-8020-0850-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=wHN4POIB1IIC&q=%22history+of+citizenship%22&pg=PA38. 
  11. Pocock 1998, p. 33.
  12. See Civis romanus sum.
  13. Hosking, Geoffrey (2005). Epochs of European Civilization: Antiquity to Renaissance. Lecture 5: Rome as a city-state. United Kingdom: The Modern Scholar via Recorded Books. pp. tracks 1 through 9. ISBN 978-1-4025-8360-5. 
  14. Pocock 1998, p. 35.
  15. Pocock 1998, p. 36.
  16. Pocock 1998, p. 37.
  17. Pocock 1998, p. 38.
  18. Taylor, David (1994). Turner, Bryan. ed. Citizenship: Critical Concepts. United States and Canada: Routledge. pp. 476 pages total. ISBN 978-0-415-07036-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=hX-mbqrZeHsC&q=%22history+of+citizenship%22&pg=PA137. 
  19. Weber 1998, p. 44.
  20. Weber 1998, p. 46.
  21. Weber 1998, pp. 46-47.
  22. Zarrow 1997, p. 3.
  23. "A History of U.S. Citizenship". July 4, 1997. http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/04/news/mn-9708. 
  24. "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875". The Library of Congress. http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=226. 
  25. "Scott v. Sandford". Cornell University Law School. 1857. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/60/393#writing-USSC_CR_0060_0393_ZO. 
  26. "Constitution of the United States: Amendment XIV". U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 1868. https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html. 
  27. "Naturalization Act of 1870". U.S. Congress. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1870. 
  28. "1917 Immigration Act". University of Washington-Bothell Library. http://library.uwb.edu/static/USimmigration/1917_immigration_act.html. 
  29. "Elections: Native Americans". https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/elections/voters9.html. 
  30. "The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (The McCarran-Walter Act)". U.S. Department of State. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/immigration-act. 
  31. "1918 Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. Article Two: General Provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federated Soviet Republic". https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/government/constitution/1918/article2.htm. 
  32. "1918 Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. Article Four: The Right to Vote". https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/government/constitution/1918/article4.htm. 
  33. "1936 Constitution of the USSR. Chapter II: The Organization of the Soviet State". http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons01.html. 
  34. "1977 Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. II. The State and the Individual. Chapter 6: Citizenship of the USSR/Equality of Citizens' Rights". http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html#chap06. 
  35. "The Nuremberg Laws: The Reich Citizenship Law (September 15, 1935)". http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/nurmlaw3.html. 
  36. Safran, William (1997-07-01). "Citizenship and Nationality in Democratic Systems: Approaches to Defining and Acquiring Membership in the Political Community". International Political Science Review (SAGE Publishing) 18 (3): 313–335. doi:10.1177/019251297018003006.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F019251297018003006
  37. Leary, Virginia (2000). "Citizenship. Human rights, and Diversity". Citizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism: Canadian and Comparative Perspectives. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 247–264. ISBN 978-0-7735-1893-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=HIKz0oJxGSgC&pg=PA247. "The concept of 'citizenship' has long acquired the connotation of a bundle of rights..." 
  38. Xiao, Y (2013). "China's peopleship education: Conceptual issues and policy analysis". Citizenship Teaching and Learning 8 (1): 21–39. doi:10.1386/ctl.8.1.21_1.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1386%2Fctl.8.1.21_1
  39. Gross, Feliks (1999). Citizenship and ethnicity: the growth and development of a democratic multiethnic institution. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. xi, xii, xiii,4. ISBN 978-0-313-30932-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=I6wM4X9UQ8QC&q=%22history+of+citizenship%22&pg=PR8. 
  40. Beiner (editor), Ronald (1995). Theorizing Citizenship. J. G. A. Pocock, Michael Ignatieff. USA: State University of New York, Albany. pp. 29, 54. ISBN 978-0-7914-2335-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=N8kI2WCUML0C&q=%22history+of+citizenship%22&pg=PA54. 
  41. Oldfield, Adrian (1994). Turner, Bryan. ed. Citizenship: Critical Concepts. United States and Canada: Routledge. pp. 476 pages total; source: The Political Quarterly, 1990 vol.61, pp. 177–187; in the book, pages 188+. ISBN 9780415102452. https://books.google.com/books?id=hX-mbqrZeHsC&q=%22history+of+citizenship%22&pg=PA137. 
  42. Daniele Archibugi, "The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy", Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008 http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8737.html
  43. Note: the consolidated version.
  44. "Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union". http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0001:01:EN:HTML. 
  45. Note: Articles 39, 43, 49 EC.
  46. Violaine Hacker, "Citoyenneté culturelle et politique européenne des médias : entre compétitivité et promotion des valeurs", NATIONS, CULTURES ET ENTREPRISES EN EUROPE, sous la direction de Gilles Rouet, Collection Local et Global, L'Harmattan, Paris, pp. 163-184
  47. "The Commonwealth Countries and Ireland (Immunities and Privileges) (Amendment) Order 2005". http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/246/pdfs/uksi_20050246_en.pdf. 
  48. Murray v Parkes [1942] All ER 123.
  49. "Archived copy". http://www.ncca.ie/en/Publications/Reports/Senior_Cycle_Politics_and_Society_Report_on_the_consultation.pdf. 
  50. "National curriculum". British Government, Department for Children, Schools and Families. http://www.dfes.gov.uk/citizenship/. 
  51. "NAFWC 13/2003 Personal and Social Education (PSE) and Work-Related Education (WRE) in the Basic Curriculum. Education (WRE) in the Basic Curriculum.". Welsh Assembly Government. 15 June 2003. http://new.wales.gov.uk/publications/circular/circulars03/NAFWC132003?lang=en. 
  52. "Personal and Social Education Framework: Key Stages 1 to 4 in Wales". Welsh Assembly Government. http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/educationandskills/policy_strategy_and_planning/schools/339214-wag/key_documents/supporting_specific_groups/personal_social_education?lang=en. 
  53. "Modern Studies Association". http://www.msa-scotland.co.uk/. 
  54. Ochoa Espejo, Paulina (2018). "Why borders do matter morally: The role of place in immigrants’ rights". Constellations 25 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12340.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8675.12340
  55. ENDING THE PASSPORT APARTHEID. THE ALTERNATIVE TO CITIZENSHIP IS NO CITIZENSHIP—A REPLY Dimitry Vladimirovich Kochenov* FORTHCOMING IN 18(4) International Journal of Constitutional Law I⸱CON (2020).
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