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HandWiki. Grandfather Paradox. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35199 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Grandfather Paradox. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35199. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Grandfather Paradox" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35199 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 18). Grandfather Paradox. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35199
HandWiki. "Grandfather Paradox." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 November, 2022.
Grandfather Paradox
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Grandfather_paradox

The grandfather paradox is a paradox of time travel in which inconsistencies emerge through changing the past. The name comes from the paradox's description: a person travels to the past and kills their own grandfather before the conception of their father or mother, which prevents the time traveller's existence. Despite its title, the grandfather paradox does not exclusively regard the contradiction of killing one's own grandfather to prevent one's birth. Rather, the paradox regards any action that alters the past, since there is a contradiction whenever the past becomes different from the way it was.

time travel paradox inconsistencies

References

  1. Nahin, Paul J. (1999). Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 255, 286. ISBN 0387985719. https://books.google.com/books?id=39KQY1FnSfkC. 
  2. Ginn, Sherry; Leach, Gillian I. (2015). Time-Travel Television: The Past from the Present, the Future from the Past. London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 192. ISBN 978-1442255777. 
  3. Nicholas J.J. Smith (2013). "Time Travel". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-travel/index.html#CauLoo. Retrieved November 2, 2015. 
  4. Garrison, J.C.; Mitchell, M.W.; Chiao, R.Y.; Bolda, E.L. (August 1998). "Superluminal Signals: Causal Loop Paradoxes Revisited". Physics Letters A 245 (1–2): 19–25. doi:10.1016/S0375-9601(98)00381-8. Bibcode: 1998PhLA..245...19G.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0375-9601%2898%2900381-8
  5. Nahin, Paul J. (2016). Time Machine Tales. Springer International Publishing. pp. 335–336. ISBN 9783319488622. 
  6. Horwich, Paul (1987). Asymmetries in Time: Problems in the Philosophy of Science (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 116. ISBN 0262580888. 
  7. Jan Faye (November 18, 2015), Backward Causation, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-backwards/, retrieved May 25, 2019 
  8. Eugenia Williamson (6 April 2013). "Book review: Life after Life' by Kate Atkinson". The Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2013/04/06/book-review-life-after-life-kate-atkinson/OL6nDqGHPFgxaUBrJgXEHL/story.html. "Google the phrase “go back in time and,” and the search engine will suggest completing the phrase with a simple directive: “kill Hitler.” The appeal of murdering the Nazi dictator is so great that it has its own subgenre within speculative fiction, a trope known as “Hitler’s murder paradox” in which a time traveller journeys back far enough to nip the leader — and World War II — in the bud, typically with unexpected consequences." 
  9. Brennan, J.H. (1997). Time Travel: A New Perspective (1st ed.). Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications. p. 23. ISBN 9781567180855. https://books.google.com/books?id=UBf_HjZHUxkC. "A variation on the grandfather paradox . . . is the Hitler paradox. In this one you travel back in time to murder Hitler before he starts the Second World War, thus saving millions of lives. But if you murder Hitler in, say, 1938, then the Second World War will never come about and you will have no reason to travel back in time to murder Hitler!" 
  10. Inglis-Arkell, Esther (2012-08-06). "Are we running out of time to kill Hitler via time travel?". http://io9.com/5932026/are-we-running-out-of-time-to-kill-hitler-via-time-travel. 
  11. Frank Arntzenius; Tim Maudlin (December 23, 2009), Time Travel and Modern Physics, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-travel-phys/, retrieved May 25, 2019 
  12. Norman Swartz (2001), Beyond Experience: Metaphysical Theories and Philosophical Constraints, University of Toronto Press, pp. 226–227, https://www.sfu.ca/~swartz/beyond_experience/chap08.htm 
  13. Dummett, Michael (1996). The Seas of Language (New ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 368–369. ISBN 0198236212. 
  14. Norman Swartz (1993). "Time Travel - Visiting the Past". SFU.ca. https://www.sfu.ca/~swartz/time_travel1.htm. 
  15. Yourgrau, Palle (4 March 2009). A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Godel and Einstein. New York: Basic Books. p. 134. ISBN 9780786737000. https://books.google.com/books?id=GtY907BlhxYC&q=2005+A+World+Without+Time:+The+Forgotten+Legacy+of+G%C3%B6del+and+Einstein&pg=PA134. Retrieved December 18, 2017. 
  16. Holt, Jim (2005-02-21). "Time Bandits". The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/02/28/time-bandits-2. Retrieved 2017-12-13. 
  17. Lossev, Andrei; Novikov, Igor (15 May 1992). "The Jinn of the time machine: non-trivial self-consistent solutions". Class. Quantum Gravity 9 (10): 2309–2321. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/9/10/014. Bibcode: 1992CQGra...9.2309L. http://thelifeofpsi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lossev-Novikov-1992.pdf. Retrieved 16 November 2015. 
  18. Thorne, Kip S. (1995). Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0393312763. 
  19. Visser, Matt (15 April 1997). "Traversable wormholes: The Roman ring". Physical Review D 55 (8): 5212–5214. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5212. Bibcode: 1997PhRvD..55.5212V.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.55.5212
  20. Sanders, Laura (2010-07-20). "Physicists Tame Time Travel by Forbidding You to Kill Your Grandfather". https://www.wired.com/2010/07/time-travel-2/. "But this dictum against paradoxical events causes possible unlikely events to happen more frequently. 'If you make a slight change in the initial conditions, the paradoxical situation won’t happen. That looks like a good thing, but what it means is that if you’re very near the paradoxical condition, then slight differences will be extremely amplified,' says Charles Bennett of IBM’s Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York." 
  21. Greenberger, Daniel M.; Svozil, Karl (2005). "Quantum Theory Looks at Time Travel". Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics?. The Frontiers Collection. p. 63. doi:10.1007/3-540-26669-0_4. ISBN 3-540-22188-3. Bibcode: 2005qvqm.book...63G.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-26669-0_4
  22. Kettlewell, Julianna (June 17, 2005). "New model 'permits time travel'". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4097258.stm. 
  23. Deutsch, David (15 November 1991). "Quantum mechanics near closed timelike lines". Physical Review D 44 (10): 3197–3217. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.44.3197. PMID 10013776. Bibcode: 1991PhRvD..44.3197D.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.44.3197
  24. Ringbauer, Martin; Broome, Matthew A.; Myers, Casey R.; White, Andrew G.; Ralph, Timothy C. (19 June 2014). "Experimental simulation of closed timelike curves". Nature Communications 5: 4145. doi:10.1038/ncomms5145. PMID 24942489. Bibcode: 2014NatCo...5.4145R.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms5145
  25. Lee Billings (2 Sep 2014). "Time Travel Simulation Resolves 'Grandfather Paradox'". Scientific American. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/time-travel-simulation-resolves-grandfather-paradox/. 
  26. Hawking, Stephen (1999). "Space and Time Warps". http://www.hawking.org.uk/space-and-time-warps.html. 
  27. Everett, Allen (2004). "Time travel paradoxes, path integrals, and the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics". Physical Review D 69 (124023): 124023. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.69.124023. Bibcode: 2004PhRvD..69l4023E.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.124023
  28. Tolksdorf, Juergen; Verch, Rainer (2018). "Quantum physics, fields and closed timelike curves: The D-CTC condition in quantum field theory". Communications in Mathematical Physics 357 (1): 319–351. doi:10.1007/s00220-017-2943-5. Bibcode: 2018CMaPh.357..319T.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00220-017-2943-5
  29. Tolksdorf, Juergen; Verch, Rainer (2021). "The D-CTC condition is generically fulfilled in classical (non-quantum) statistical systems". Foundations of Physics 51 (93). doi:10.1007/s10701-021-00496-z.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10701-021-00496-z
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