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HandWiki. Short Chronology. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35196 (accessed on 27 September 2026).
HandWiki. Short Chronology. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35196. Accessed September 27, 2026.
HandWiki. "Short Chronology" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35196 (accessed September 27, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 18). Short Chronology. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35196
HandWiki. "Short Chronology." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 November, 2022.
Short Chronology
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/History:Short_chronology

The short chronology is one of the chronologies of the Near Eastern Bronze and Early Iron Age, which fixes the reign of Hammurabi to 1728–1686 BC and the sack of Babylon to 1531 BC. The absolute 2nd millennium BC dates resulting from these reference points have very little academic support, and have essentially been disproved by recent dendrochronology research. The middle chronology (reign of Hammurabi 1792–1750 BC) is more commonly accepted in academic literature. For much of the period in question, middle chronology dates can be calculated by adding 64 years to the corresponding short chronology date (e.g. 1728 BC in short chronology corresponds to 1792 in middle chronology). After the so-called "dark age" between the fall of Babylon and the rise of the Kassite dynasty in Babylonia, absolute dating becomes less uncertain. While exact dates are still not agreed upon, the 64-year middle/short chronology gap ceases from the beginning of the Third Babylon Dynasty onward.

dendrochronology babylonia babylon

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