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Ge'ez (/ˈɡiːɛz/; ግዕዝ, Gəʿəz Template:IPA-gez; also transliterated Gi'iz) is an ancient South Semitic language of the Ethiosemitic branch. The language originates from the region encompassing northern Ethiopia and southern Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. Today, Ge'ez is used only as the main language of liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo churches, the Ethiopian and Eritrean Catholic churches, and the Beta Israel Jewish community. However, in Ethiopia, Amharic or other local languages, and in Eritrea and Ethiopia's Tigray Region, Tigrinya may be used for sermons. Amharic, Tigrinya, and Tigre are closely related to Ge'ez. The closest living languages to Ge'ez are Tigre and Tigrinya with lexical similarity at 71% and 68%, respectively. Some linguists do not believe that Ge'ez constitutes a common ancestor of modern Ethiosemitic languages, but that Ge'ez became a separate language early on from another hypothetical unattested language, which can be seen as an extinct sister language of Amharic, Tigre and Tigrinya. The foremost Ethiopian experts such as Amsalu Aklilu point to the vast proportion of inherited nouns that are unchanged, and even spelled identically in both Ge'ez and Amharic (and to a lesser degree, Tigrinya).
References
- Lambdin, Thomas O. (1978).
- Gene Gragg 1997. The Semitic Languages. Taylor & Francis. Robert Hetzron ed. ISBN:978-0-415-05767-7.
- Gene Gragg, 2008. "The Ancient Languages of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Aksum". Cambridge University Press. Roger D. Woodard Ed.
- [PAN], pp. 666f.; cf. the EOTC's own account at its official website. Church Teachings. Retrieved from the Internet Archive on March 12, 2014. https://www.eotc-patriarch.org:80/teachings.htm
- "Ethiopic Language in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia." (in en). http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/E/ethiopic-language.html.
- Weninger, Stefan, "Ge'ez" in Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha, p.732.
- Stuart, Munro-Hay (1991). Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7486-0106-6.
- [MAT]
- A conservator at work on the Garima Gospels (2010-07-14). ""Discovery of earliest illustrated manuscript," Martin Bailey, June 2010". Theartnewspaper.com. http://www.theartnewspaper.com/…/Discovery-of-earlies…/20990. Retrieved 2012-07-11.
- "The Arts Newspaper June 2010 – Abuna Garima Gospels". Ethiopianheritagefund.org. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20120501030359/http://ethiopianheritagefund.org/artsNewspaper.html. Retrieved 2012-07-11.
- [BUD], pp. 566f.
- [BUD], p. 574
- [PAN03]
- Bryan D. Spinks, The Sanctus in the Eucharistic Prayer (Cambridge University Press 2002 ISBN:978-0-521-52662-3), p. 119
- Anscar J. Chupungco, Handbook for Liturgical Studies (Liturgical Press 1997 ISBN:978-0-8146-6161-1), p. 13
- Archdale King, The Rites of Eastern Christendom, vol. 1 (Gorgias Press LLC 2007 ISBN:978-1-59333-391-1), p. 533
- Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia (C. Hurst & Co. 2000 ISBN:978-1-85065-393-6), p. 127
- Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors), The Encyclopedia of Christianity, vol. 2 (Eerdmans 1999 ISBN:978-90-04-11695-5), p. 158
- David H. Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky (editors), Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia (Scarecrow Press 2013), p. 93
- Walter Raunig, Steffen Wenig (editors), Afrikas Horn (Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005, ISBN:978-3-447-05175-0), p. 171
