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HandWiki. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35002 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35002. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35002 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 17). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/35002
HandWiki. "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory." Encyclopedia. Web. 17 November, 2022.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology. Psychologists and other mental health professionals use various versions of the MMPI to help develop treatment plans, assist with differential diagnosis, help answer legal questions (forensic psychology), screen job candidates during the personnel selection process, or as part of a therapeutic assessment procedure. The original MMPI was developed by Starke R. Hathaway and J. C. McKinley, faculty of the University of Minnesota, and first published by the University of Minnesota Press in 1943. It was replaced by an updated version, the MMPI-2, in 1989 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, and Kaemmer). A version for adolescents, the MMPI-A, was published in 1992. An alternative version of the test, the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), published in 2008, retains some aspects of the traditional MMPI assessment strategy, but adopts a different theoretical approach to personality test development.

mental health psychopathology psychometric test

References

  1. Sellbom, Ben-Porath & Bagby, Martin, Yossef & R Michael (Summer 2008). "Personality and Psychopathology: Mapping the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales onto the Five Factor Model of Personality". Journal of Personality Disorders 22 (3): 291–312. doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.3.291. ProQuest 195238408. PMID 18540801.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1521%2Fpedi.2008.22.3.291
  2. Butcher, J. N., Dahlstrom, W. G., Graham, J. R., Tellegen, A, & Kaemmer, B. (1989).The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  3. Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y.S., McNulty, J.L., Arbisi, P.A., Graham, J.R., & Kaemmer, B. (2003). The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales: Development, validation, and interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  4. Ben-Porath, Y.S. (2012). Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
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  6. Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008). MMPI-2-RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form): Technical manual. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  7. Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2008). MMPI-2-RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  8. University of Minnesota Press, Test Division, MMPI-3 Development Update (December 2019). https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-3-announcement
  9. Sellbom, Martin (2019). "The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the Twenty-First Century" (in en). Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15 (1): 149–177. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701. ISSN 1548-5943. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701. "The development of the MMPI-3 has been commissioned by the University of Minnesota Press, the test’s publisher ... The MMPI-2-RF will serve as the primary foundation for the MMPI-3, which should include updated coverage of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits and a new normative sample. ... The MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF normative sample is now more than 30 years old and needs to be updated. Such updating is underway for the MMPI-3.". 
  10. Buchanan, Roderick D. (May 1994). "The development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 30 (2): 148–61. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(199404)30:2<148::AID-JHBS2300300204>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 8034964.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F1520-6696%28199404%2930%3A2%3C148%3A%3AAID-JHBS2300300204%3E3.0.CO%3B2-9
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  26. Arbisi, P. A., Sellbom, M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008). Empirical correlates of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 122-128. Castro, Y., Gordon, K. H., Brown, J. S., Cox, J. C., & Joiner, T. E. (In Press). Examination of racial differences on the MMPI-2 Clinical and Restructured Clinical Scales in an outpatient sample. Assessment. Forbey, J. D., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2007). A comparison of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) and Clinical Scales in a substance abuse treatment sample. Psychological Services, 4, 46-58. Gordon, R.M. (2006). False assumptions about psychopathology, hysteria and the MMPI-2 restructured clinical scales. Psychological Reports, 98, 870–872. Handel, R. W., & Archer, R. P. (In Press). An investigation of the psychometric properties of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales with mental health inpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment. Kamphuis, J.H., Arbisi, P.A., Ben-Porath, Y.S., & McNulty, J.L. (In Press). Detecting Comorbid Axis-II Status Among Inpatients Using the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. Osberg, T. M., Haseley, E. N., & Kamas, M. M. (2008). The MMPI-2 Clinical Scales and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Comparative psychometric properties and relative diagnostic efficiency in young adults. Journal of Personality Assessment. 90, 81-92. Sellbom, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Bagby, R. M. (In Press). Personality and Psychopathology: Mapping the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales onto the Five Factor Model of Personality. Journal of Personality Disorders. Sellbom, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Graham, J. R. (2006). Correlates of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a college counseling setting. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 89-99. Sellbom, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., McNulty, J. L., Arbisi, P. A., & Graham, J. R. (2006). Elevation differences between MMPI-2 Clinical and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Frequency, origins, and interpretative implications. Assessment, 13, 430-441. Sellbom, M., Graham, J. R., & Schenk, P. (2006). Incremental validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a private practice sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 196-205. Simms, L. J., Casillas, A., Clark, L .A., Watson, D., & Doebbeling, B. I. (2005). Psychometric evaluation of the Restructured Clinical Scales of the MMPI-2. Psychological Assessment, 17, 345-358. Sellbom. M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2006). Forensic applications of the MMPI. In R. P. Archer (Ed.), Forensic uses of clinical assessment instruments. (pp. 19-55) NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Sellbom, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Baum, L. J., Erez, E., & Gregory, C. (2008). Predictive validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a batterers' intervention program. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90. 129-135.
  27. Although elevations on other Clinical Scales, Scale 2 subscales, Content Scales, or Supplementary Scales can help the clinician determine a more precise meaning of the Scale 2 elevation.
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