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HandWiki. Fairy Tale. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34939 (accessed on 29 September 2026).
HandWiki. Fairy Tale. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34939. Accessed September 29, 2026.
HandWiki. "Fairy Tale" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34939 (accessed September 29, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 17). Fairy Tale. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34939
HandWiki. "Fairy Tale." Encyclopedia. Web. 17 November, 2022.
Fairy Tale
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Fairy_tale

A fairy tale, fairytale, wonder tale, magic tale, or Märchen is an instance of a folklore genre that takes the form of a short story. Such stories typically feature entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments. In most cultures, there is no clear line separating myth from folk or fairy tale; all these together form the literature of preliterate societies. Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicit moral tales, including beast fables. In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in "fairy-tale ending" (a happy ending) or "fairy-tale romance". Colloquially, the term "fairy tale" or "fairy story" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true. Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth. However, unlike legends and epics, fairy tales usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and to actual places, people, and events; they take place "once upon a time" rather than in actual times. Fairy tales occur both in oral and in literary form; the name "fairy tale" ("conte de fées" in French) was first ascribed to them by Madame d'Aulnoy in the late 17th century. Many of today's fairy tales have evolved from centuries-old stories that have appeared, with variations, in multiple cultures around the world. The history of the fairy tale is particularly difficult to trace because only the literary forms can survive. Still, according to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon, such stories may date back thousands of years, some to the Bronze Age more than 6,500 years ago. Fairy tales, and works derived from fairy tales, are still written today. Folklorists have classified fairy tales in various ways. The Aarne-Thompson classification system and the morphological analysis of Vladimir Propp are among the most notable. Other folklorists have interpreted the tales' significance, but no school has been definitively established for the meaning of the tales.

morphological analysis folklorists fairy tale

References

  1. A companion to the fairy tale. By Hilda Ellis Davidson, Anna Chaudhri. Boydell & Brewer 2006. p. 39.
  2. Stith Thompson, The Folktale, 1977 (Thompson: 8).
  3. Byatt, p. xviii.
  4. Heidi Anne Heiner, "What Is a Fairy Tale? " http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/introduction/ftdefinition.html
  5. Terri Windling (2000). "Les Contes de Fées: The Literary Fairy Tales of France". Realms of Fantasy. Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20140328002739/http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/forconte.html. 
  6. Propp, p. 5.
  7. Propp, p. 19.
  8. Swann Jones, p. 15.
  9. Stith Thompson, The Folktale, p. 55, University of California Press, Berkeley Los Angeles London, 1977
  10. Tolkien, p. 15.
  11. Tolkien, pp. 10–11.
  12. The Fairy Tale: The Magic Mirror of the Imagination. Routledge, 2002, p. 8.
  13. "Psychoanalysis and Fairy-Tales". Freudfile.org. http://www.freudfile.org/psychoanalysis/fairy_tales.html. Retrieved 2013-03-13. 
  14. Italo Calvino, Six Memos for the Next Millennium, pp. 36–37. ISBN:0-674-81040-6.
  15. Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, pp. xi–xii
  16. Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p. 858.
  17. Brian Attebery, The Fantasy Tradition in American Literature, p. 83, ISBN:0-253-35665-2.
  18. Martin, pp. 38–42
  19. Swann Jones, p. 35.
  20. Brian Attebery, The Fantasy Tradition in Matthew's American Literature, p. 5, ISBN:0-253-35665-2.
  21. Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p. xii.
  22. Zipes, Jack (2013). Fairy tale as myth/myth as fairy tale. University of Kentucky Press. pp. 20–21. 
  23. Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p. 846.
  24. Degh, p. 73.
  25. Heidi Anne Heiner, "Fairy Tale Timeline" http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/introduction/timeline.html
  26. Moss Roberts, "Introduction", p. xviii, Chinese Fairy Tales & Fantasies. ISBN:0-394-73994-9.
  27. Szövérffy, Joseph. "Some Notes on Medieval Studies and Folklore." The Journal of American Folklore 73, no. 289 (1960): 239-44. Accessed June 18, 2020. doi:10.2307/537977.
  28. Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition, p. 12.
  29. Soula Mitakidou and Anthony L. Manna, with Melpomene Kanatsouli, Folktales from Greece: A Treasury of Delights, p. 100, Libraries Unlimited, Greenwood Village CO, 2002, ISBN:1-56308-908-4.
  30. Swann Jones, p. 38.
  31. Terri Windling (1995). "White as Ricotta, Red as Wine: The Magic Lore of Italy". Realms of Fantasy. Archived from the original on 2014-02-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20140210083152/http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/forital.html. 
  32. Calvino, Italian Folktales, p. 738.
  33. Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition, pp. 38–42.
  34. Swann Jones, pp. 38–39.
  35. Swann Jones, p. 40.
  36. G. Ronald Murphy, The Owl, The Raven, and the Dove: The Religious Meaning of the Grimms' Magic Fairy Tales, ISBN:0-19-515169-0.
  37. Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition, p. 77.
  38. Degh, pp. 66–67.
  39. Iona and Peter Opie, The Classic Fairy Tales p. 17. ISBN:978-0-19-211559-1.
  40. Jane Yolen, p. 22, Touch Magic. ISBN:0-87483-591-7.
  41. Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, "Preface" http://www.mythfolklore.net/andrewlang/brown.htm
  42. Yei Theodora Ozaki, Japanese Fairy Tales, "Preface" http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/books/japan/freemanmitford/preface.html
  43. Grant and Clute, "Hans Christian Andersen", pp. 26–27.
  44. Grant and Clute, "George MacDonald", p. 604.
  45. Orenstein, pp. 77–78.
  46. Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p. 845.
  47. Joseph Jacobs, More Celtic Fairy Tales. London: David Nutt, 1894, "Notes and References " http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs/moreceltic/ridere.html
  48. Calvino, Italian Folktales, p. xx.
  49. Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p. 962.
  50. Velten, pp. 966–67.
  51. Calvino, Italian Folktales, p. xxi.
  52. "Fairy tale origins thousands of years old, researchers say". BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation). 20 January 2016. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-35358487. Retrieved 20 January 2016. 
  53. Julien d'Huy, Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, Yuri Berezkin, Patrice Lajoye and Hans-Jörg Uther 2017. Letter: Studying folktale diffusion needs unbiased dataset. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1714884114, or here https://www.academia.edu/34754984/2017._Letter_Studying_folktale_diffusion_needs_unbiased_dataset._-_Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_www.pnas.org_cgi_doi_10.1073_pnas.1714884114
  54. Julien d'Huy and Yuri Berezkin 2017 How Did the First Humans Perceive the Starry Night? On the Pleiades. The Retrospective Methods Network Newsletter, 12-13, p.113 or here https://www.academia.edu/35488498/2017._How_Did_the_First_Humans_Perceive_the_Starry_Night_On_the_Pleiades._-_The_Retrospective_Methods_Network_Newsletter_12-13_100-122
  55. Gudmund Hatt (1949). Asiatic influences in American folklore. København: I kommission hos ejnar Munksgaard, p.94-96, 107; Yuri Berezkin (2010). Sky-maiden and world mythology. Iris, 31, pp. 27-39; Julien d'Huy (2016). Le motif de la femme-oiseau (T111.2.) et ses origines paléolithiques. Mythologie française, 265, pp. 4-11 or here https://www.academia.edu/31263719/2016._Le_motif_de_la_femme-oiseau_T111.2._et_ses_origines_pal%C3%A9olithiques._-_Mythologie_fran%C3%A7aise_265_4-11
  56. Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition, p. 1.
  57. Lewis Seifert, "The Marvelous in Context: The Place of the Contes de Fées in Late Seventeenth Century France", Jack Zipes, ed., The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p. 913.
  58. Seifert, p. 915.
  59. Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition, p. 47.
  60. Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p. 19.
  61. Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p. 20.
  62. Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p. 32.
  63. Byatt, pp. xlii–xliv.
  64. Tolkien, p. 31.
  65. Briggs, pp. 181–82.
  66. "A Transcription of Charles Dickens's "Frauds on the Fairies" (1 October 1853)". Victorianweb.org. 2006-01-23. http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/dickens/pva/pva239.html. Retrieved 2013-03-13. 
  67. Jack Zipes, The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World, p. 48, ISBN:0-312-29380-1.
  68. Walters, Rebecca (2017-04-01). "Fairytales, psychodrama and action methods: ways of helping traumatized children to heal" (in en). Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie 16 (1): 53–60. doi:10.1007/s11620-017-0381-1. ISSN 1619-5507.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11620-017-0381-1
  69. Tsitsani, P.; Psyllidou, S.; Batzios, S. P.; Livas, S.; Ouranos, M.; Cassimos, D. (2012-03-01). "Fairy tales: a compass for children's healthy development – a qualitative study in a Greek island" (in en). Child: Care, Health and Development 38 (2): 266–72. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01216.x. ISSN 1365-2214. PMID 21375565.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2214.2011.01216.x
  70. For a comprehensive introduction into fairy tale interpretation, and main terms of Jungian Psychology (Anima, Animus, Shadow) see Marie-Louise von Franz. "An Introduction to the Psychology of Fairytales". Zurich, New York 1970.
  71. C. G. Jung: The Phenomoneology of the Sprit in Fairytales (1948). In: Collected Works, Vol. 9, I, Princeton/Bollingen 1980, par. 432
  72. von Franz, Marie-Louise (1970), An Introduction to the Psychology of Fairytales, Zurich, New York: Spring publications, ISBN:0-88214-101-5] 1–2 (chapter 1)
  73. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1427525203
  74. Grant and Clute, "Cinema", p. 196.
  75. Drazen, pp. 43–44.
  76. Wolf, Eric James The Art of Storytelling Show Interview Jack Zipes – Are Fairy tales still useful to Children? http://www.artofstorytellingshow.com/2008/06/29/jack-zipes-fairy-tales/
  77. Schanoes, Veronica L. (2014). Fairy Tales, Myth, and Psychoanalytic Theory:Feminism and Retelling the Tale. Ashgate. 
  78. Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition and so on!, pp. 24–25.
  79. Grant and Clute, "Fairytale", p. 333.
  80. Martin, p. 41.
  81. Helen Pilinovsky (2001). "Donkeyskin, Deerskin, Allerleirauh: The Reality of the Fairy Tale". Realms of Fantasy. Archived from the original on 2014-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20140325011315/http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/fordnky.html. 
  82. Briggs, p. 195.
  83. Zipes, The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World, pp. 251–52.
  84. "Angela Carter – The Bloody Chamber And Other Stories". Angelfire.com. http://www.angelfire.com/falcon/rote/CARTER.html. Retrieved 17 April 2012. 
  85. Diana Waggoner, The Hills of Faraway: A Guide to Fantasy, pp. 22–23, ISBN:0-689-10846-X.
  86. Grant and Clute, "Commedia Dell'Arte", p. 219.
  87. Grant and Clute, "Commedia Dell'Arte", p. 745.
  88. Stone, Kay (1981). "Märchen to Fairy Tale: An Unmagical Transformation". Western Folklore 40 (3): 232–44. doi:10.2307/1499694.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1499694
  89. Tatar, M. (1987). The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales. Princeton University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-691-06722-3. https://archive.org/details/hardfactsofgri00tata/page/24. 
  90. James Graham (2006). "Baba Yaga in Film". Archived from the original on 2013-01-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20130109100659/http://www.endicott-studio.com/crossroads/crBabaYagaF.html. 
  91. Richard Scheib, Review of Labyrinth http://www.moria.co.nz/fantasy/labyrinth-1986.htm
  92. Drazen, p. 264.
  93. Terri Windling (1995). "Beauty and the Beast". Archived from the original on 2013-11-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20131115234313/http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/forbewty.html. 
  94. Terri Windling (2004). "The Path of Needles or Pins: Little Red Riding Hood". Archived from the original on 2013-09-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20130920005533/http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/rrPathNeedles.html. 
  95. Drazen, p. 38.
  96. Spelling, Ian (2006-12-25). "Guillermo del Toro and Ivana Baquero escape from a civil war into the fairytale land of Pan's Labyrinth". Science Fiction Weekly. Archived from the original on July 7, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070707173614/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/interviews/sfw14471.html. Retrieved 2007-07-14. 
  97. "Festival Highlights: 2008 Edinburgh International Film Festival". Variety. 2008-06-13. https://variety.com/2008/film/news/festival-highlights-1117987482/. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 
  98. Tolkien, p. 18.
  99. Propp, Morphology of the Folk Tale.
  100. Propp, pp. 8–9.
  101. Propp, p. 74.
  102. Propp, p. 39.
  103. Propp, pp. 81–82.
  104. Propp, pp. 80–81.
  105. Christopher Vogler, The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers, 2nd edition, p. 30, ISBN:0-941188-70-1.
  106. Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p. 52.
  107. Bettleheim Bruno (1991). The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-013727-9. https://archive.org/details/usesofenchantmen0000bett_n7b6. 
  108. Alan Dundes, "Interpreting Little Red Riding Hood Psychoanalytically", pp. 18–19, James M. McGlathery, ed., The Brothers Grimm and Folktale, ISBN:0-252-01549-5.
  109. Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p. 46.
  110. Zipes, The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World, p. 48.
  111. Maitland, Sara (2014). "Once upon a time: the lost forest and us". in Kelly, Andrew. The Importance of Ideas: 16 thoughts to get you thinking. Guardian Shorts. 10. Guardian Books. ISBN 978-1-78356-074-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=7pabBAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 2016-05-22. "As the glaciers of the last ice age retreated (from c. 10,000 BC) forests, of various types, quickly colonised the land and came to cover most of Europe. [...] These forests formed the topography out of which the fairy stories (or as they are better called in German – the marchen), which are one of our earliest and most vital cultural forms, evolved." 
  112. Marina Warner, From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales And Their Tellers, p. 213. ISBN:0-374-15901-7.
  113. Jack Zipes, "Fairy Tales, Child Abuse, and 'Childism'", (lecture, University of Minnesota Institute for Advanced Study, November 15, 2012). https://archive.is/20121212173344/http://ias.umn.edu/2012/11/15/zipes-jack/
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