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HandWiki. Beta-Carotene. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34884 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Beta-Carotene. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34884. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Beta-Carotene" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34884 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 16). Beta-Carotene. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34884
HandWiki. "Beta-Carotene." Encyclopedia. Web. 16 November, 2022.
Beta-Carotene
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Chemistry:Beta-Carotene

β-Carotene is an organic, strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is a member of the carotenes, which are terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, β-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. β-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. In some Mucoralean fungi, β-Carotene is a precursor to the synthesis of trisporic acid. β-Carotene is the most common form of carotene in plants. When used as a food coloring, it has the E number E160a.:119 The structure was deduced by Karrer et al. in 1930. In nature, β-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A via the action of beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase. Isolation of β-carotene from fruits abundant in carotenoids is commonly done using column chromatography. It can also be extracted from the beta-carotene rich algae, Dunaliella salina. The separation of β-carotene from the mixture of other carotenoids is based on the polarity of a compound. β-Carotene is a non-polar compound, so it is separated with a non-polar solvent such as hexane. Being highly conjugated, it is deeply colored, and as a hydrocarbon lacking functional groups, it is very lipophilic.

geranylgeranyl dunaliella polarity

References

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