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Folk art covers all forms of visual art made in the context of folk culture. Definitions vary, but generally the objects have practical utility of some kind, rather than being exclusively decorative. The makers of folk art are normally trained within a popular tradition, rather than in the fine art tradition of the culture. There is often overlap, or contested ground, with naive art, but in traditional societies where ethnographic art is still made, that term is normally used instead of "folk art". The types of object covered by the term varies considerably and in particular "divergent categories of cultural production are comprehended by its usage in Europe, where the term originated, and in the United States, where it developed for the most part along very different lines." Folk arts are rooted in and reflective of the cultural life of a community. They encompass the body of expressive culture associated with the fields of folklore and cultural heritage. Tangible folk art includes objects which historically are crafted and used within a traditional community. Intangible folk arts include such forms as music, dance and narrative structures. Each of these arts, both tangible and intangible, was originally developed to address a real need. Once this practical purpose has been lost or forgotten, there is no reason for further transmission unless the object or action has been imbued with meaning beyond its initial practicality. These vital and constantly reinvigorated artistic traditions are shaped by values and standards of excellence that are passed from generation to generation, most often within family and community, through demonstration, conversation, and practice.
References
- (Wertkin 2004)
- (Wertkin 2004)
- "Folk and Self-Taught Art". http://americanart.si.edu/art/highlights/folk. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- (Bronner 1986)
- (Vlach 1992)
- (Vlach 1992)
- (Kubler 1962)
- (Toelken 1996)
- (Glassie 1992)
- (Pocius 1995)
- (Roberts 1972)
- (Wertkin 2004)
- Goncharova Biography , Hatii, retrieved 19/2/2012 http://www.hatii.arts.gla.ac.uk/MultimediaStudentProjects/00-01/9705226m/mmcourse/project/gonch.project/biography.htm
- Moriarty, Catherine (2017-11-30). "Popular Art, Pop Art, and 'the Boys who Turn out the Fine Arts'". Pop art and design. Massey, Anne, 1956-, Seago, Alex. London, UK. pp. 25–47. ISBN 9781474226189. OCLC 928487681. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/928487681
- "'GREAT MASTERS OF MEXICAN FOLK ART' EXHIBIT TO OPEN AT UN HEADQUARTERS ON 10 APRIL | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". https://www.un.org/press/en/2003/note5788.doc.htm.
- UNESCO Mission Statement https://en.unesco.org/partnerships/non-governmental-organizations/international-organization-folk-art
