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HandWiki. Comparison of U.S. State and Territory Governments. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34390 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Comparison of U.S. State and Territory Governments. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34390. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Comparison of U.S. State and Territory Governments" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34390 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 14). Comparison of U.S. State and Territory Governments. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34390
HandWiki. "Comparison of U.S. State and Territory Governments." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 November, 2022.
Comparison of U.S. State and Territory Governments
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In the United States , the government of each of the 50 states is structured in accordance with its individual constitution. In turn, each state constitution must be grounded in republican principles. Article IV, Section 4, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution tasks the federal government with assuring that each state's government is so organized. All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches (although the three-branch structure is not Constitutionally required): executive, legislative, and judicial. All state governments are also organized as presidential systems where the governor is both head of government and head of state (even though this too is not required). The government of each of the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories is modeled and organized in a like fashion. Each state is itself a sovereign entity, and as such, reserves the right to organize in any way (within the above stated parameter) deemed appropriate by its people. As a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance. No two state governments are identical. The following tables compare and contrast some of the features of U.S. state governments.

federal government state constitution constitution

References

  1. "Arizona Constitution, Art. 4, Part 2, Sec. 21". http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=%2Fconst%2F4%2F21.p2.htm. 
  2. The new limit was decided by referendum as Proposition 28, on June 2012. Between 1990 to that date, one could serve 3 terms in the House and 2 in the Senate, which means the new limit is globally earlier but roughly doubles in each body.
  3. Missouri Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 8 http://www.moga.mo.gov/const/A03008.HTM
  4. State representatives were limited to three terms (6 years) until term limits were repealed by Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992).
  5. State senators were limited to two terms (8 years) until term limits were repealed by Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992).
  6. "Archived copy". http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senaterules/senaterules1.html. 
  7. http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/budget/supermajority-vote-requirements-to-pass-the-budget.aspx
  8. Governor may serve unlimited terms but only two in a row.
  9. Governors of Indiana may serve an unlimited number of terms, but may only serve for eight years in any twelve-year period. (Constitution of Indiana Article 5)
  10. Office created in 2005 and implemented in 2009
  11. There are no limits on the number of terms a governor may serve in total as long as there is a four-year break after a second term.
  12. The President of the Senate is also the Lieutenant Governor.
  13. The President of the Senate is also the Lieutenant Governor.
  14. Uncompleted entries do not indicate the lack of a retirement age, only a lack of data in this article. States without a mandatory retirement age will indicate "None".
  15. Judgepedia.org, Connecticut Supreme Court, found here. https://web.archive.org/web/20081024213016/http://judgepedia.org/index.php/Connecticut_Supreme_Court
  16. Retention election held after two years of service. Mandatory retirement at age 75.
  17. The Indiana retirement age is the same regardless of the length of the Justice's remaining term.
  18. While Michigan law stipulates that State Supreme Court judges be listed on the "non-partisan" section on the ballot, only candidates who have been nominated by political parties with ballot access at their respective state conventions are allowed to stand in the succeeding general election. Subsequently, each party is only allowed to nominate as many candidates as there are supreme court seats up for election in a given year.
  19. Refers to initial "probation" period. If the governor reappoints them (almost universally true) they then serve for life
  20. Linda Greenhouse, "The Case for Term Limits on the Supreme Court with Linda Greenhouse", Yale Political Union, May 28, 2009, [1]
  21. Aaron Applegate, Mike Saewitz, "Bill seeks to raise mandatory retirement age for judges to 73", The Virginian-Pilot, February 4, 2010, [2]
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Update Date: 14 Nov 2022
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