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HandWiki. Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34335 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34335. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34335 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 14). Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34335
HandWiki. "Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 November, 2022.
Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/History:Peruvian_Havana_Embassy_Crisis_of_1980

On April 1, 1980, six Cuban citizens made their way into the Peruvian embassy in Havana, Cuba, instigating an international crisis over the diplomatic status of around 10,000 asylum-seeking Cubans who joined them over the following days. The Peruvian ambassador, Ernesto Pinto Bazurco Rittler, spearheaded the effort to protect Cubans, most of whom were disapproved of by Fidel Castro’s regime and were seeking protection at the embassy. This episode marked the start of the Cuban refugee crisis, which was followed by a series of diplomatic initiatives between various countries in both North and South America that tried to organize the fleeing of people from the island of Cuba to the United States and elsewhere. The embassy crisis culminated with the substantial exodus of 125,266 Cuban asylum-seekers during the Mariel Boatlift.

international crisis cuba fidel

References

  1. Fernández, Gastón A. (May 1982). "The Freedom Flotilla: A Legitimacy Crisis of Cuban Socialism?" (in en). Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 24 (2): 183–209. doi:10.2307/165559. ISSN 0022-1937. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-interamerican-studies-and-world-affairs/article/abs/freedom-flotilla-a-legitimacy-crisis-of-cuban-socialism/091F41BC1407E1E76A9FC6189BA66E2B. 
  2. Copeland, Ronald (1983). "The Cuban Boatlift of 1980: Strategies in Federal Crisis Management". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 467: 138–150. ISSN 0002-7162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1044933. 
  3. Larzelere, Alex (1988). Castro's ploy--America's dilemma : the 1980 Cuban boatlift. National Defense University Press. OCLC 811345814. http://worldcat.org/oclc/811345814. 
  4. Corticelli, María Rita (2013). Antonio Benítez Rojo : del mundo cerrado al Caribe infinito. ISBN 978-1-78204-109-2. OCLC 846979041. http://worldcat.org/oclc/846979041. 
  5. Roca, Sergio (1981). "Revolutionary Cuba". Current History 80 (463): 53–84. ISSN 0011-3530. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45314913. 
  6. Masud-Piloto, Félix (2003). "The Mariel Boatlift of 1980: Consequences of a Politicized Immigration Policy". Diálogo: An Interdisciplinary Studies Journal 7: 25–30. https://doi.org/https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo/vol7/iss1/6. 
  7. Kami, Hideaki (2018-06-30). Diplomacy Meets Migration: US Relations with Cuba during the Cold War (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108526043. ISBN 978-1-108-52604-3. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108526043/type/book. 
  8. Peña, Susana (2007). ""Obvious Gays" and the State Gaze: Cuban Gay Visibility and U.S. Immigration Policy during the 1980 Mariel Boatlift". Journal of the History of Sexuality 16 (3): 482–514. ISSN 1043-4070. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30114194. 
  9. Caride, Jorge Luis Lanza (2021-12-14). "Sueños al pairo: una mirada sobre el drama del Mariel cuarenta años después" (in es). Anthurium 17 (2): 19. doi:10.33596/anth.459. ISSN 1547-7150. http://anthurium.miami.edu/articles/10.33596/anth.459/. 
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