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HandWiki. Universal Reconciliation. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34329 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Universal Reconciliation. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34329. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Universal Reconciliation" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34329 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 14). Universal Reconciliation. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34329
HandWiki. "Universal Reconciliation." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 November, 2022.
Universal Reconciliation
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Religion:Universal_reconciliation

In Christian theology, universal reconciliation (also called universal salvation, Christian universalism, or in context simply universalism) is the doctrine that all sinful and alienated human souls—because of divine love and mercy—will ultimately be reconciled to God. The doctrine has often been rejected by mainstream Christian religion, which holds to the doctrine of special salvation that only some members of humanity will eventually enter heaven, but it has received support from many prestigious Christian thinkers as well as many groups of Christians. The Bible itself has a variety of verses that, on the surface, seem to support a plurality of views. Universal salvation may be related to the perception of a problem of Hell, standing opposed to ideas such as endless conscious torment in Hell, but may also include a period of finite punishment similar to a state of purgatory. Believers in universal reconciliation may support the view that while there may be a real "Hell" of some kind, it is neither a place of endless suffering nor a place where the spirits of human beings are ultimately 'annihilated' after enduring the just amount of divine retribution. The concept of reconciliation is related to the concept of salvation—i.e., salvation from spiritual and eventually physical death—such that the term "universal salvation" is functionally equivalent. Universalists espouse various theological beliefs concerning the process or state of salvation, but all adhere to the view that salvation history concludes with the reconciliation of the entire human race to God. Many adherents assert that the suffering and crucifixion of Jesus Christ constitute the mechanism that provides redemption for all humanity and atonement for all sins. Unitarian Universalism is a religious movement which emerged in part from the Universalist Church, but it no longer holds any official doctrinal positions, being a non-creedal faith. Universal reconciliation, however, remains a popular viewpoint among many congregations and individual believers including many that have not at all associated with said church. An alternative to universal reconciliation is the doctrine of annihilationism, often in combination with Christian conditionalism. Some Christian leaders, such as influential theologian Martin Luther, have hypothesized other concepts such as 'soul death'.

conditionalism non-creedal universalism

References

  1. Fisher, David A. (December 2011). "The Question of Universal Salvation: Will All Be Saved?". The Maronite Voice, Volume VII, Issue No. XI.. https://www.stmaron.org/The_Maronite_Voice_for_December_2011.pdf. Retrieved July 2, 2014. 
  2. Richard Bauckham, "Universalism: a historical survey", Themelios 4.2 (September 1978): 47–54. http://www.theologicalstudies.org.uk/article_universalism_bauckham.html
  3. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3:36
  4. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1%3A7-9&version=NIV
  5. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+13%3A23-30&version=NIV
  6. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lamentations+3%3A31-33&version=NIV
  7. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Timothy+4%3A10&version=NIV
  8. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+1:17-20
  9. Alister E. McGrath (January 14, 2011), Christian Theology: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 76–, ISBN 978-1-4443-9770-3, https://books.google.com/books?id=bus5TyjTfxYC&pg=PA76 
  10. 1 For details see L. E. Froom, The Conditionalist Faith of Our Fathers (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1965–1966).
  11. "Enchiridion". St. Augustine of Hippo. New Advent. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1302.htm. Retrieved 2019-10-30. 
  12. "City of God". St. Augustine of Hippo. New Advent. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120121.htm. Retrieved 2019-10-30. 
  13. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, vol 12. (New York, London: Funk and Wagnalls Company. p.96 https://books.google.com/books?id=1eCBAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=Edward+Beecher+six+theological+schools&source=bl&ots=wCunNL2FNE&sig=bDrBxELT5l9c-8meyL7nRySPGd8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8-YHB8dnSAhWrjFQKHcj2BFYQ6AEIPzAG#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Beecher%20six%20theological%20schools&f=false
  14. Quotes by Early Church Fathers Regarding the Reconciliation of All http://www.tentmaker.org/Quotes/churchfathersquotes.htm
  15. Handbook on Faith, Hope, and Love (St. Augustine) https://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/enchiridion.chapter29.html
  16. Hosea Ballou, The ancient history of universalism: from the time of the apostles, 1842, p. 166.
  17. Ludlow, pp. 39–42.
  18. Von Balthasar, Hans Urs & Greer, Rowan A. Origen. Pg 3. Paulist Press (1979). ISBN:0-8091-2198-0.
  19. The Anathemas Against Origen http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xii.ix.html
  20. Excursus on the XV. Anathemas Against Origen http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xii.viii.html
  21. 1914 "Three Chapters". Catholic Encyclopedia. New Advent. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14707b.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-04. 
  22. "Origen and Origenism". Catholic Encyclopedia. New Advent. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11306b.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-04. 
  23. ed. John Anthony McGuckin, p. 61. See also Elisabeth Dively Lauro in the article on Universalism.
  24. Pantaenus http://ipedia.net/information/Pantaenus
  25. Christian Universalist.org, The Christian Universalist Association History of Universalism. http://www.christianuniversalist.org/articles/history.html#patristic
  26. Seymour, Charles. A Theodicy of Hell. p. 25. Springer (2000). ISBN:0-7923-6364-7.
  27. Matthew Hale Smith, Universalism not of God: an examination of the system of Universalism, 1847, p. 58, "Universalists claim Origen, Clement of Alexandria, and some others among the early fathers. Yet these fathers held not one doctrine peculiar to Universalism; neither did they believe in the salvation of all men."
  28. Andrew C. Itter, Esoteric teaching in the Stromateis of Clement of Alexandria, 2009, p. 200, "Clement uses the term apokatastasis and its cognates generally to refer to the gnostic elect rather than to an eschatological restoration of the universe, or to a restoration of the faithful as a whole."
  29. St. Isaac of Nineveh http://www.catholicpeacefellowship.org/nextpage.asp?m=2188
  30. Schmithals, Walter. The Theology of the First Christians. Pp. 85–88. Westminster John Knox Press (1998). ISBN:0-664-25615-5.
  31. St. Gregory of Nyssa http://www.thefreelibrary.com/St.+Gregory+of+Nyssa-a0126313737
  32. Gregory of Nyssa http://www.iep.utm.edu/g/gregoryn.htm
  33. Ludlow, Morwenna. Universal Salvation: eschatology in the thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner. Pp. 1–2. Oxford University Press (2000). ISBN:0-19-827022-4.
  34. Patristic Universalist History – Christian Universalist Association http://www.christianuniversalist.org/articles/history.html#patristic
  35. Hilarion Alfeyev, The mystery of faith: "Salvation will not be compulsory for anyone: it is 'those who wish to follow' Christ who will be saved. 63 The doctrine of universal salvation is expressed in a very definite and striking manner by Isaac the Syrian,"
  36. Ludlow, pp. 2–3.
  37. Ludlow, 2004.
  38. See also Stetson, Eric. Christian Universalism: God's Good News for All People. p. 120. Mobile, Alabama: Sparkling Bay Books, 2008. ISBN:0-9670631-8-3. http://www.christianuniversalist.org/articles/history.html#reformation.
  39. Morwenna Ludlow, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History (2004), Cambridge University Press – "Why Was Hans Denck Thought to Be a Universalist?"
  40. "Peter Bohler, one of the Moravian brethren, in order to make out universal redemption, lately frankly confessed in a letter that all the damned souls would hereafter be brought out of hell. I cannot think Mr. Wesley is thus minded. And yet unless this can be proved, universal redemption, taken in a literal sense, falls entirely to the ground. For how can all be universally redeemed, if all are not finally saved?" from Amirault G. Peter Bohler 1712–1775. http://www.tentmaker.org/biographies/bohler.htm
  41. Amirault, Gary. William Law 1686-1761. Law W. Affectionate and Earnest Address to the Clergy. Address 191: "every number of destroyed sinners, whether thrown by Noah's flood, or Sodom's brimstone, into the terrible furnace of a life, insensible of anything but new forms of raging misery till judgment's day, must through the all -working, all- redeeming love of God, which never ceases, come at last to know that they had lost, and have found again such a God of love as this". http://www.tentmaker.org/biographies/william-law.htm
  42. Seymour, Charles. A Theodicy of Hell. Pp. 30–31. Springer (2000). ISBN:0-7923-6364-7.
  43. Thomas Brown, A History of the Origin and Progress of the Doctrine of Universal Salvation.
  44. Catherine L. Albanese, A republic of mind and spirit: a cultural history of American metaphysical.
  45. "'Inclusionism' deemed heresy". The Washington Times. 2004-04-21. http://www.washtimes.com/news/2004/apr/20/20040420-104557-5370r/. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
  46. Bill Sherman, "After last sermon, no regrets", Tulsa World, September 21, 2008. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20080921_18_A3_Bishop625359&archive=yes
  47. "Founding Board Meeting of the CUA". The Christian Universalist Association. May 17, 2007. https://christianuniversalist.org/events/foundingmeeting.html. Retrieved 2008-11-22. 
  48. https://web.archive.org/web/20080411231024/http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=57674
  49. https://www.firstthings.com/article/2015/10/saint-origen
  50. "Archived copy". http://theheavenlyfaith.wix.com/heavenly-faith. 
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