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An anchorite or anchoret (female: anchoress; adj. anchoritic; from Ancient Greek:, anachōrētḗs, "one who has retired from the world", from the verb ἀναχωρέω, anachōréō, signifying "to withdraw", "to retire") is someone who, for religious reasons, withdraws from secular society so as to be able to lead an intensely prayer-oriented, ascetic, or Eucharist-focused life. Whilst anchorites are frequently considered to be a type of religious hermit, unlike hermits they were required to take a vow of stability of place, opting instead for permanent enclosure in cells often attached to churches. Also unlike hermits, anchorites were subject to a religious rite of consecration that closely resembled the funeral rite, following which they would be considered dead to the world, a type of living saint. Anchorites had a certain autonomy, as they did not answer to any ecclesiastical authority other than the bishop. The anchoritic life is one of the earliest forms of Christian monasticism. In the Catholic Church today, it is one of the "Other Forms of Consecrated Life" and governed by the same norms as the consecrated eremitic life. From the 12th to the 16th centuries, female anchorites consistently outnumbered their male equivalents, sometimes by as many as four to one (in the 13th century), dropping eventually to two to one (in the 15th century). The sex of a high number of anchorites, however, is not recorded for these periods.
References
- McAvoy 2010, p. 96.
- Licence 2013, p. 87–9.
- Licence 2013, p. 123, 120.
- Licence 2013, p. 158-72.
- LePan, Don (2011). The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Broadview Press. pp. 348.
- Licence 2013, p. 77-9.
- The Anchoress (2008-06-02). On-line Q&As. Retrieved in 2008-10 from http://theanchoressonline.com/2008/06/02/questions-comments-from-the-email/.
- Herbert McAvoy, Liz (2005). Anchorites, Wombs And Tombs : Intersections Of Gender And Enclosure In The Middle Ages. University of Wales. pp. 13.
- Ancrene Wisse
- Translated by Mary Paul MacPherson in Treatises and the Pastoral Prayer, Cistercian Fathers Series 2, (Kalamazoo, 1971). In English the work is variously titled The Eremitical Life, The Rule of Life for a Recluse and The Training of Anchoresses.
- Ancrene Wisse, trans Hugh White, (Penguin, 1993), p.viii
- Catholic Encyclopedia, St. Jerome, Vita Sancti Hilarionis in P. L., III, 29-54.
- Ancrene Wisse, trans Hugh White, (Penguin, 1993), p.xiii
- Petition to Become an Anchoress University of Saint Thomas–Saint Paul, MN, http://courseweb.stthomas.edu, 2003, 2012-04-22 http://courseweb.stthomas.edu/medieval/julian/petition.htm
- History of Shere, sheredelight.com, 2011, 2012-04-22 http://sheredelight.com/history.html
- Wyndham Thomas (2012). Robert Saxton: Caritas. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. pp. 16–20. ISBN 978-0-7546-6601-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=OtHDa15XkTcC&pg=PA16.
- Jonathan Hughes, ‘Kirkby, Margaret (d. 1391x4)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved on 2011-05-06 from http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/57764.
- Ancrene Wisse, trans Hugh White, (Penguin, 1993), p.xiii
- Hilton, W., The Scale of Perfection, tr. J. P. Clark & R. Dorward (New York City : Paulist Press, 1991), p. 19. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20City
- Revelations of Divine Love
- Milton, R., Julian's Cell: The Earthy Story of Julian of Norwich (Kelowna, B.C.: Northstone Publishing, 2002).
- Ancrene Wisse, trans Hugh White, (Penguin, 1993)
