Free state is a term that has been occasionally used in the official titles of some states. In principle, the title asserts and emphasises a particular freedom of the state in question, but this is not always reflected in practice, and what "free state" actually means varies greatly in different contexts:
- Sometimes it asserts sovereignty or independence (and with that, lack of foreign domination).
- Sometimes it asserts autonomy within a larger nation-state.
- Sometimes it is used as a synonym for republic, but not all "free states" have been republics. While the historical German free states and the Orange Free State were republican in form, the Congo Free State and Irish Free State were governed under forms of monarchy. The republican sense derives from libera res publica (literally, "the free public thing/affair"), a term used by Roman historians for the period of the Roman Republic.