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HandWiki. Climate Variability. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34086 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Climate Variability. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34086. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Climate Variability" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34086 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 11). Climate Variability. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34086
HandWiki. "Climate Variability." Encyclopedia. Web. 11 November, 2022.
Climate Variability
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:Climate_variability

Climate variability is the term to describe variations in the mean state and other characteristics of climate (such as chances or possibility of extreme weather, etc.) "on all spatial and temporal scales beyond that of individual weather events." Some of the variability does not appear to be caused systematically and occurs at random times. Such variability is called random variability or noise. On the other hand, periodic variability occurs relatively regularly and in distinct modes of variability or climate patterns. Over the years, the definitions of climate variability and the related term climate change have shifted. While the term climate change now implies change that is both long-term and of human causation, in the 1960s the word climate change was used for what we now describe as climate variability, that is, climatic inconsistencies and anomalies.

climate variability climate change random variability

References

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  2. "La Niña.". http://library.advanced.org/20901/la_nina.htm. Retrieved 27 May 2018. 
  3. Climate Prediction Center (December 19, 2005). "ENSO FAQ: How often do El Niño and La Niña typically occur?". National Centers for Environmental Prediction. http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensofaq.shtml#HOWOFTEN. Retrieved July 26, 2009. 
  4. National Center for Atmospheric Research. Climate Analysis Section. Retrieved on June 7, 2007. http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/jhurrell/indices.info.html
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  6. "What is the MJO, and why do we care? | NOAA Climate.gov" (in en). https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/what-mjo-and-why-do-we-care. 
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  8. Wang, Chunzai (2018). "A review of ENSO theories" (in en). National Science Review 5 (6): 813–825. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy104. ISSN 2095-5138.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fnsr%2Fnwy104
  9. Bruun, John T.; Allen, J. Icarus; Smyth, Timothy J. (2017). "Heartbeat of the Southern Oscillation explains ENSO climatic resonances" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (8): 6746–6772. doi:10.1002/2017JC012892. ISSN 2169-9291. Bibcode: 2017JGRC..122.6746B.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F2017JC012892
  10. Newman, Matthew; Alexander, Michael A.; Ault, Toby R.; Cobb, Kim M.; Deser, Clara; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele; Mantua, Nathan J.; Miller, Arthur J. et al. (2016). "The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited". Journal of Climate 29 (12): 4399–4427. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0508.1. ISSN 0894-8755. Bibcode: 2016JCli...29.4399N. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/1e3e1bdf5cdb64c6f6d414139dbebb607c124aef. 
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  12. Kuijpers, Antoon; Bo Holm Jacobsen; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Knudsen, Mads Faurschou (2011). "Tracking the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation through the last 8,000 years" (in en). Nature Communications 2: 178–. doi:10.1038/ncomms1186. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 21285956. Bibcode: 2011NatCo...2..178K.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3105344
  13. Scafetta, Nicola (May 15, 2010). "Empirical evidence for a celestial origin of the climate oscillations". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 72: 951–970. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.04.015. Bibcode: 2010JASTP..72..951S. http://www.fel.duke.edu/~scafetta/pdf/scafetta-JSTP2.pdf. Retrieved 20 July 2011. 
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  15. National Institutes of Health - The sunspot cycle no. 24 in relation to long term solar activity variation
  16. Sunspot activity impacts on crop success New Scientist, 18 Nov. 2004 https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6680
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