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HandWiki. Nationalism in the Middle Ages. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33882 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Nationalism in the Middle Ages. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33882. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Nationalism in the Middle Ages" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33882 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 10). Nationalism in the Middle Ages. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33882
HandWiki. "Nationalism in the Middle Ages." Encyclopedia. Web. 10 November, 2022.
Nationalism in the Middle Ages
Edit

Theories on the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages may belong to the general paradigms of ethnosymbolism and primordialism or perennialism. Several scholars of nationalism support the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages (mainly in Europe). This school of thought differs from modernism, which suggests that nationalism developed after the late 18th century and the French Revolution.

perennialism ethnosymbolism nationalism

References

  1. Tom James, Overview: The Middle Ages 1154 - 1485 / / Nationalism triumphs, BBC History, 2017 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/overview_middleages_01.shtml
  2. Viger, Jonathan (2016). "L'émergence et la reproduction des nations : un essai bibliographique critique sur la réflexion théorique et l'analyse historique dans l'étude du nationalisme / Coakley, John, 2012, Nationalism, Ethnicity and the State : Making and Breaking Nations, Londres, Sage / Gat, Azar, 2013, Nations : The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationhood, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press / Malesevic, Sinisa, 2013, Nation-States and Nationalisms : Organization, Ideology and Solidarity, Cambridge, Polity Press" (in fr). Politique et Sociétés 35 (1): 125–144. doi:10.7202/1035795ar. ISSN 1203-9438. https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ps/2016-v35-n1-ps02431/1035795ar/. 
  3. Morrissey, Conor (2019-10-10) (in en). Protestant Nationalists in Ireland, 1900-1923. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-47386-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=uJCuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=Hastings+seminal+work+The+Construction+of+Nationhood#v=onepage. 
  4. Baycroft, Timothy (1999). "Adrian Hastings, The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 235 pp. £13.99." (in en). Nations and Nationalism 5 (1): 127–52. ISSN 1469-8129. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nations-and-nationalism/article/adrian-hastings-the-construction-of-nationhood-ethnicity-religion-and-nationalism-cambridge-cambridge-university-press-1997-235-pp-1399/840C5BBD33E74DE85C041DA72C1F0DC7. 
  5. Schwyzer, Philip (2016-06-02). "Nationalism in the Renaissance" (in en). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.001.0001. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935338-e-70. 
  6. Ikenberry, G. John (2019-08-12). "Book review: Nationalism: A Short History by Liah Greenfeld, Brookings Institution Press, 2019" (in en-US). Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2019-08-12/nationalism-short-history. 
  7. Requejo, Ferran; Nagel, Klaus-Jürgen (2014-12-17) (in en). Politics of Religion and Nationalism: Federalism, Consociationalism and Seccession. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-56606-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=cGrfBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=Religion+and+Roman+nationalism+seem+to+be+one+and+the+same#v=onepage. 
  8. Weitzman, Steven (2008). "On the Political Relevance of Antiquity: A Response to David Goodblatt's Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism". Jewish Social Studies 14 (3): 165–172. ISSN 0021-6704.  http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-6704
  9. Wicke, Christian (2015) (in en). Helmut Kohl's Quest for Normality: His Representation of the German Nation and Himself. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78238-574-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=VyCjBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=adrian+hastings+judeo-christian+tradition+nationalism#v=onepage. 
  10. Storm, Eric (2018). "A New Dawn in Nationalism Studies? Some Fresh Incentives to Overcome Historiographical Nationalism" (in en-US). European History Quarterly 48 (1): 113–129. doi:10.1177/0265691417741830. ISSN 0265-6914. PMID 30443098.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6195252
  11. Gat, Azar; Yakobson, Alexander (2013) (in en). Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00785-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=HK8TulTJpGAC. 
  12. Mabry, Tristan James (2013-06-01). "Book Review: The Origins of Nationalism: An Alternative History From Ancient Rome to Early Modern Germany, by C. Hirschi" (in en). Comparative Political Studies 46 (6): 757–760. doi:10.1177/0010414013479101. ISSN 0010-4140.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0010414013479101
  13. Grosby, S., Leerssen, J., & Hirschi, C. (2014). Continuities and shifting paradigms: A debate on Caspar Hirschi's 'The origins of nationalism'. Studies on National Movements, 2, pp 24-35: Caspar Hirschi, "Duck or quack? On the lack of scholarly soundness and decorum in Joep Leerssen’s review. https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2599298/177934_Continuities_and_shifting_paradigms._A_debate_on_Caspar_Hirschi_s_The_origins_of_nationalism_.pdf
  14. Weitzman, Steven (2008). "On the Political Relevance of Antiquity: A Response to David Goodblatt's Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism". Jewish Social Studies 14 (3): 165–172. ISSN 0021-6704.  http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-6704
  15. Bagge, Sverre (1995). "Nationalism in Norway in the middle ages" (in en). Scandinavian Journal of History 20 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1080/03468759508579290. ISSN 0346-8755.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F03468759508579290
  16. Dennis P. Hupchick, The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies, Springer, 2017, ISBN:3319562061, p. 314.
  17. Michael Palairet, Macedonia: A Voyage through History, Volume 1, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, ISBN:1443888435, p. 245.
  18. Obolensky, Dimitri (1972). "Nationalism in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 22: 1–16. doi:10.2307/3678825. ISSN 0080-4401.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3678825
  19. Xydis, Stephen G. (1968). "The Medieval Origins of Modern Greek Nationalism". Balkan Studies 9: 1–20: 12; 19. https://ojs.lib.uom.gr/index.php/BalkanStudies/article/viewFile/776/784. 
  20. Moles, Ian N. (1969). review of A. Vakalopoulos, History of New Hellenism, Thessaloniki, 1961 (in Greek language. Α. Βακαλόπουλος, Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού).. "Nationalism and Byzantine Greece". Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies: 95–107. https://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/10651/4317. 
  21. Smith, Anthony D. (2008) (in en). The Cultural Foundations of Nations: Hierarchy, Covenant, and Republic. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 88. ISBN 978-1-4051-8219-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=bFnKwzmmgy4C. 
  22. "Bouchard, Dr Michel" (in en). https://www.unbc.ca/people/bouchard-dr-michel. 
  23. Bouchard, Michel (2004-03-01). "A critical reappraisal of the concept of the 'Imagined Community' and the presumed sacred languages of the medieval period". National Identities 6 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1080/1460894042000216481. ISSN 1460-8944.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F1460894042000216481
  24. Bouchard, Michel (2001). "The Medieval Nation of Rus': The Religious Underpinnings of the Russian Nation" (in en). Ab Imperio 2001 (3): 97–122. doi:10.1353/imp.2001.0040. ISSN 2164-9731. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/539979/summary. 
  25. Crampton, R. J. (2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 15.  https://books.google.com/books?id=Ylz4fe7757cC&pg=PA15
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