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HandWiki. Scarr-Rowe Effect. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33877 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Scarr-Rowe Effect. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33877. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Scarr-Rowe Effect" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33877 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 10). Scarr-Rowe Effect. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33877
HandWiki. "Scarr-Rowe Effect." Encyclopedia. Web. 10 November, 2022.
Scarr-Rowe Effect
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Scarr-Rowe_effect

In behavioral genetics, the Scarr-Rowe effect, also known as the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis, refers to the proposed moderating effect of low socioeconomic status on the heritability of children's IQ. According to this hypothesis, lower socioeconomic status and greater exposure to social disadvantage during childhood leads to a decrease in the heritability of IQ, as compared to children raised in more advantaged environments. It is considered an example of gene–environment interaction. This hypothesized effect was first proposed by Sandra Scarr, who found support for it in a 1971 study of twins in Philadelphia, and these results were replicated by David C. Rowe in 1999. A 2015 meta-analysis found the effect was predominant in the United States while less evident in societies with robust child welfare systems.

low socioeconomic status child welfare meta-analysis

References

  1. Turkheimer, Eric; Haley, Andreana; Waldron, Mary; D'Onofrio, Brian; Gottesman, Irving I. (17 November 2016). "Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children". Psychological Science 14 (6): 623–628. doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. PMID 14629696. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. 
  2. Scarr-Salapatek, Sandra (1971). "Race, Social Class, and IQ". Science 174 (4016): 1285–1295. doi:10.1126/science.174.4016.1285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 5167501. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1733128. 
  3. Turkheimer, Eric; Haley, Andreana; Waldron, Mary; D'Onofrio, Brian; Gottesman, Irving I. (17 November 2016). "Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children". Psychological Science 14 (6): 623–628. doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. PMID 14629696. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. 
  4. Fischbein, Siv (1 January 1980). "IQ and social class" (in en). Intelligence 4 (1): 51–63. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(80)90006-9. ISSN 0160-2896. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(80)90006-9. 
  5. Fischbein, Siv (1 January 1980). "IQ and social class" (in en). Intelligence 4 (1): 51–63. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(80)90006-9. ISSN 0160-2896. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(80)90006-9. 
  6. Turkheimer, Eric; Haley, Andreana; Waldron, Mary; D'Onofrio, Brian; Gottesman, Irving I. (17 November 2016). "Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children". Psychological Science 14 (6): 623–628. doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. PMID 14629696. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. 
  7. Fischbein, Siv (1 January 1980). "IQ and social class" (in en). Intelligence 4 (1): 51–63. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(80)90006-9. ISSN 0160-2896. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(80)90006-9. 
  8. Rowe, David C.; Jacobson, Kristen C.; Oord, Edwin J. C. G. Van den (1999). "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Vocabulary IQ: Parental Education Level as Moderator" (in en). Child Development 70 (5): 1151–1162. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00084. ISSN 1467-8624. PMID 10546338. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00084. 
  9. Turkheimer, Eric; Haley, Andreana; Waldron, Mary; D'Onofrio, Brian; Gottesman, Irving I. (17 November 2016). "Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children". Psychological Science 14 (6): 623–628. doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. PMID 14629696. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x. 
  10. McLloyd, Vonnie C. (1998). "Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.". American Psychologist 53 (2): 185–204. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.185. 
  11. Gottschling, J.; Hahn, E.; Beam, C. R.; Spinath, F. M.; Carroll, S.; Turkheimer, E. (1 January 2019). "Socioeconomic status amplifies genetic effects in middle childhood in a large German twin sample" (in en). Intelligence 72: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2018.11.006. ISSN 0160-2896. PMID 31435119.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6703848
  12. Turkheimer, Eric; Horn, Erin E. (2014). "Interactions Between Socioeconomic Status and Components of Variation in Cognitive Ability" (in en). Behavior Genetics of Cognition Across the Lifespan (Springer): 41–68. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7447-0_2. ISBN 978-1-4614-7446-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7447-0_2. 
  13. Gottschling, J.; Hahn, E.; Beam, C. R.; Spinath, F. M.; Carroll, S.; Turkheimer, E. (1 January 2019). "Socioeconomic status amplifies genetic effects in middle childhood in a large German twin sample" (in en). Intelligence 72: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2018.11.006. ISSN 0160-2896. PMID 31435119.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6703848
  14. Bates, Timothy C.; Lewis, Gary J.; Weiss, Alexander (3 September 2013). "Childhood Socioeconomic Status Amplifies Genetic Effects on Adult Intelligence" (in en). Psychological Science 24 (10): 2111–2116. doi:10.1177/0956797613488394. PMID 24002887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613488394. 
  15. Gottschling, J.; Hahn, E.; Beam, C. R.; Spinath, F. M.; Carroll, S.; Turkheimer, E. (1 January 2019). "Socioeconomic status amplifies genetic effects in middle childhood in a large German twin sample" (in en). Intelligence 72: 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2018.11.006. ISSN 0160-2896. PMID 31435119.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6703848
  16. Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Bates, Timothy C. (February 2016). "Large Cross-National Differences in Gene × Socioeconomic Status Interaction on Intelligence". Psychological Science 27 (2): 138–149. doi:10.1177/0956797615612727. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 26671911.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4749462
  17. Turkheimer, Eric; Beam, Christopher E.; Davis, Deborah W. (November 2015). "The Scarr-Rowe Interaction in Complete Seven-Year WISC Data from the Louisville Twin Study: Preliminary Report". Behavior Genetics 45 (6): 635–639. doi:10.1007/s10519-015-9760-4. ISSN 0001-8244. PMID 26497158.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4749455
  18. Bates, Timothy C.; Hansell, Narelle K.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Wright, Margaret J. (May 2016). "When does socioeconomic status (SES) moderate the heritability of IQ? No evidence for g × SES interaction for IQ in a representative sample of 1176 Australian adolescent twin pairs". Intelligence 56: 10–15. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.02.003. https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/24434026/Bates_etal_I_2016_When_does_socioeconomic_status_SES.pdf. 
  19. Figlio, David N.; Freese, Jeremy; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Roth, Jeffrey (2017). "Socioeconomic status and genetic influences on cognitive development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (51): 13441–13446. doi:10.1073/pnas.1708491114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 29133413.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5754768
  20. Woodley of Menie, Michael A.; Pallesen, Jonatan; Sarraf, Matthew A. (December 2018). "Evidence for the Scarr–Rowe Effect on Genetic Expressivity in a Large U.S. Sample". Twin Research and Human Genetics 21 (6): 495–501. doi:10.1017/thg.2018.63. ISSN 1832-4274. PMID 30560766.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2Fthg.2018.63
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