1. History

 

Kitaguchi Hongu Fushi Asama Shrine. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1490815

Fuji-kō in the narrow sense originates from a sect of Kakugyo Fujibutsu, who practiced asceticism in Fuji Shrine. Later, Wantoshin (Akaba Shosaemon) and others formed the first kosha, which had the following three rules.^[1]

1. If you do good, you are good; if you do bad, you are bad.
2. If you earn, you will be blessed and noble, and your life will be long without disease.
3. If you are idle, you will be poor, have sickness, and your life will be short.

After the Kyōhō period, it was developed by Murakami Mitsukiyo and Shokugyo Miroku. Murakami was supported mainly by the feudal lords and the upper class, while Shokugyo, who preached that diligently working at the family business would save one's life, was enthusiastically supported by the common people of Edo.^[2]。 He was the fifth (or sixth, depending on your point of view) disciple of Kakugyo, and after his death in Mt. Kakugyo's beliefs did not belong to any existing religious force, and the group that was formed after Shokugyo Miroku's death was an independent religious force.

 

A group of monuments commemorating the Fuji-kō at the Higashiguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen Shrine (located in Oyama-cho, Suzū, Shizuoka Prefecture). The monuments were originally erected at the Fuji Mound in Azabu, Edo to commemorate the climb of Mt. （The monuments were originally erected in Azabu, Edo, to commemorate climbing Mt. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1960374

Fuji, Goshi communities were established at each trailhead and conducted missionary activities in the Kanto region and elsewhere, attracting many worshippers to Mt. Fuji. In particular, the Omiya and Suyama mouths, which took a long time to restore after the great eruption of Hōei, were crowded with worshippers from Edo and the Kanto region. At the height of the eruption, there were nearly a hundred houses of priests in Yoshida-guchi. In the late Edo period (1603-1868), there were so many societies that it was said that there were 800 societies in Edo and 80,000 members in the societies.

Fuji-kō was often forbidden by the Edo shogunate as it was considered undesirable due to its religious policy, but it was not suppressed so severely that it caused deaths.

However, after the Meiji era, suppression from Shinto forces became very severe. As a result, there was no choice. Some of the Fuji-kō were turned into denominational Shintoism, such as Kyōkyō by Fujimichi, who was a follower of Shokugyo, Maruyama-kō by Rokurobei Ito, who was an ascetic, and Fuso-kō by Hanshi Shishino, a follower of Hirata, who wanted to mobilize the various forces of the Fuji faith into State Shintoism.

After the Meiji era, and especially after Post-war, Mt. Fuji and the surrounding area became a tourist attraction, and climbing Mt. Fuji itself became recognized as a leisure activity, allowing people to climb Mt. Fuji casually, and the Fuji-kō, which sought faith as a motivation for climbing, declined greatly. For example, the construction of the monument tower at the Hitoana Fuji-kou Ruins has not been done since 1964.^[3]。

The number of Fuji-ko members has decreased drastically, and it is rare to see Fuji-ko members active on the streets of Tokyo. However, you can still see Fuji-ko members making pilgrimages to Mt.

As of 2006 (Heisei 18), there are more than a dozen groups active, and three Goshi's houses (shukubo) accept them.^[4]。

2. Climbing Mt. Fuji

Fuji is the holy place for the Fuji-kō, and as a pilgrimage they repeatedly climb Mt. Fuji as a form of pilgrimage. The number of days and manners vary depending on the sect, but a certain period of time is required to purify oneself before climbing the mountain.

A human hole. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1376548

The man cave, the site of Kakugyo's ascetic practices, is considered a sacred place and is visited by Buddhist priests. The Hitoana Sengen Shrine, located next to the man cave, has Kakugyo as its main deity. Many monuments and pagodas were erected in the area, and there are still about 230 monuments and pagodas left today. It is now known as the "Hitoana Fuji-kou Ruins.

 

Yamasan" mark on a monument of the Fuji-kō (Ningenan Fuji-kō Site). https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1838311

There was a culture of dedicating a monument called "Fuji Ko monument" to the followers of Fuji Ko. (The monument is characterized by a mark called "kasa-in". (One of the characteristics of this monument is the "kasa-in" mark, which differs from one kosha to another, and includes "Marusan" and "Yamasan".^[5]。）

3. Pilgrimage

Fuji pilgrim. Kusakabe Kimbei photographed in 1880. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1503535

Shiraito Waterfall. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1220935

Fuji, but also practiced pilgrimage and water asceticism at pilgrimage sites such as Fuji Five Lakes and Shiraito Falls. Fuji Five Lakes]] and Shiraito Falls.^[3]。

3.1. Fuji Hakkai

There are pilgrimage sites collectively called Fuji Hakkai, which can be divided into Inner Hakkai consisting mainly of sacred sites around Mt. In the Inner Eight Seas, each of the five lakes of Fuji, as well as Lake Akemi (Asumi no Umi, Fujiyoshida City), Lake Shioren (Shibirei no Umi, Ichikawa Misato Town), and Senbata (Senzu no Umi, Fujiyoshida City) were pilgrimage sites for the Fuji-kō in the early modern period. However, before that, Sudo-ko (Lake Numazu City, Fuji City) was included in the "Eight Seas of Fuji" instead of Sembata.

The outer eight seas include the Futami Sea (Futamiura, Mie Prefecture), Chikubu Island (Biwa, Shiga Prefecture), Suwa Lake (Nagano Prefecture), Haruna Lake (Gunma Prefecture), Nikko Lake (Lake Chūzenji , Tochigi Prefecture), Lake Sakura (Sakuragaike, Shizuoka Prefecture), Lake Kashima (Kasumigaura, Ibaraki Prefecture), and Lake Hakone (Lake Ashino, Kanagawa Prefecture).