1. American Tall Tale

The tall tale is a fundamental element of American folk literature. The tall tale's origins are seen in the bragging contests that often occurred when the rough men of the American frontier gathered. The tales of legendary figures of the Old West, some listed below, owe much to the style of tall tales.

The semi-annual speech contests held by Toastmasters International public speaking clubs may include a Tall Tales contest. Each and every participating speaker is given three to five minutes to give a short speech of a tall tale nature, and is then judged according to several factors. The winner proceeds to the next level of competition. The contest does not proceed beyond any participating district in the organization to the International level.

The comic strip Non Sequitur sometimes features tall tales told by the character Captain Eddie; it is left up to the reader to decide if he is telling the truth, exaggerating a real event, or just telling a whopper.

1.1. Examples

Historical individuals

Some stories are told about exaggerated versions of actual historical individuals:

• Johnny Appleseed – A friendly folk hero who traveled the West planting apple trees because he felt his guardian angel told him to
• Johnny Blood – An American football player whose reputation for wild behavior was as well known as his on-field play
• Jim Bowie – A Kentuckian frontiersman, Texas Ranger, and land speculator who fought for the Texan cause in the Battle of the Alamo. He is known for the Bowie knife which he used to disembowel his opponent.
• Daniel Boone – Blazed a trail across Cumberland Gap to found the first English-speaking colonies west of the Appalachian Mountains
• Aylett C. "Strap" Buckner – An Indian fighter of colonial Texas^[1]
• Davy Crockett – A pioneer and U.S. Congressman from Tennessee who later died at the Battle of the Alamo
• Mike Fink – The toughest boatman on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and a rival of Davy Crockett. Also known as the King of the Mississippi River Keelboatmen
• Peter Francisco – American Revolutionary War hero.
• John Henry – A mighty steel-driving African American
• Calamity Jane – A tough Wild West woman
• Jigger Johnson (1871-1935), a lumberjack and log driver from Maine who is known for his numerous off-the-job exploits, such as catching bobcats alive with his bare hands, and drunken brawls^[2][3]
• Casey Jones – A brave and gritty railroad engineer
• Nat Love, also known as "Deadwood Dick", was born a slave in Tennessee in 1854. Tales of his adventures after emancipation, as a cowboy and as a Pullman porter, gained such fantastical elements as to be considered tall tales
• Sam Patch – An early 19th-century daredevil who died during a jump on Friday the 13th
• Molly Pitcher – A heroine of the American Revolutionary War

Legendary figures

Paul Bunyan's sidekick, Babe the blue ox, sculpted as a ten-meter tall roadside tourist attraction. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1565154

Subjects of some American tall tales include legendary figures:

• Tony Beaver – A West Virginia lumberjack and cousin of Paul Bunyan
• Pecos Bill – legendary cowboy who "tamed the wild west"
• Paul Bunyan – huge lumberjack who eats 50 pancakes in one minute and dug the grand canyon with his axe
• Cordwood Pete – Younger brother to lumberjack Paul Bunyan
• Febold Feboldson – A Nebraska farmer who could fight a drought
• Johnny Kaw, a fictional Kansas whose mythological status itself was in one sense a figment, in that it was created recently, in 1955. Adherents of this assessment deem such stories fakelore
• Joe Magarac – A Pittsburgh steelworker made of steel
• Alfred Bulltop Stormalong – An immense sailor whose ship was so big it scraped the Moon

2. Similar Traditions in Other Cultures

The skvader, an example of a tall tale hunting story. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1212954

Similar storytelling traditions are present elsewhere. For instance:

2.1. Australian Tall Tales

The Australian frontier (known as the bush or the outback) similarly inspired the types of tall tales that are found in American folklore. The Australian versions typically concern a mythical station called The Speewah. The heroes of the Speewah include:

• Rodney Ansell
• Big Bill – The dumbest man on the Speewah who made his living cutting up mining shafts and selling them for post holes
• Crooked Mick – A champion shearer who had colossal strength and quick wit.

Another folk hero in Australian folklore is Charlie McKeahnie, the hero of Banjo Paterson's poem "The Man from Snowy River", whose bravery, adaptability, and risk-taking could epitomise the new Australian spirit.

2.2. Canadian Tall Tales

The Canadian frontier has also inspired the types of tall tales that are found in American folklore, such as:

• French Canadian tales of Big Joe Mufferaw, a giant of a lumberjack and woodsman from the Ottawa Valley, loosely based on real-life lumberjack Joseph Montferrand
• Johnny Chinook, a Canadian cowboy and rancher Métis of the Canadian West's Alberta
• Ti-Jean, a giant 10-year-old French-Canadian lumberjack boy
• Sam McGee, the hero of Robert Service's poem "The Cremation of Sam McGee" (1907)

2.3. European Tall Tales

The Columnar basalt that makes up the Giant's Causeway; in legend, a fine set of hexagonal stepping stones to Scotland, made by Fionn mac Cumhaill. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1954859

Some European tall tales include:

• Toell the Great was one of the great tall tales of Estonia.
• The Babin Republic, in Renaissance Poland (1568) was a satirical society dedicated entirely to mocking people and telling tall tales
• Juho Nätti (1890–1964), known as Nätti-Jussi, was a Finnish lumberjack known for telling tall tales; his stories have also circulated as folk tales and been collected in books.
• The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel (16th Century) by the French writer Rabelais told the tale of two giants; father and son.
• The many farfetched adventures of the fictional German nobleman Baron Munchausen, some of which may have had a folklore basis.
• Legends of the Irish mythological hunter-warrior Fionn mac Cumhaill, also known as Finn MacCool, have it that he built the Giant's Causeway as stepping-stones to Scotland, so as not to get his feet wet, and that he also once scooped up part of Ireland to fling it at a rival, but it missed and landed in the Irish Sea; the clump became the Isle of Man, the pebble became Rockall, and the void became Lough Neagh.
• A brown bear coating himself in baking soda to be acceptable to humans as a polar bear, a young boy selling frozen words, and a woman whose voice cuts through a giant tree to release oranges that light the Polar night are all tales told by a Pomor elder in the Soviet animation film Laughter and Grief by the White Sea (1988).
• The Cumbrian Liars, a United Kingdom association who follow in the seven-league footsteps of Will Ritson.^[4]
• The folk song "Martin said to his man" is a well-known, traditional example of a song about a bragging contest.

3. Modern-Day Tall Tales

Arlo Guthrie's Motorcycle Song is often accompanied by a tall tale about the origin of the song.

3.1. In Visual Media

Early 20th century postcards became a vehicle for tall tale telling in the US.^[5][6] Creators of these cards, such as the prolific Alfred Stanley Johnson, Jr.,^[7] and William H. "Dad" Martin, usually employed trick photography, including forced perspective, while others painted their unlikely tableaus,^[6] or used a combination of painting and photography in early examples of photo retouching.^[8] The common theme was gigantism: fishing for leviathans,^[6][9] hunting for^[6][10] or riding^[11][12] oversized animals, and bringing in the impossibly huge sheaves.^[6][13] An homage to the genre can be found on the cover of the Eat a Peach (1972) album by The Allman Brothers Band.