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Fault-tolerant computer systems are systems designed around the concepts of fault tolerance. In essence, they must be able to continue working to a level of satisfaction in the presence of errors or breakdowns. Fault tolerance is not just a property of individual machines; it may also characterise the rules by which they interact. For example, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is designed to allow reliable two-way communication in a packet-switched network, even in the presence of communications links which are imperfect or overloaded. It does this by requiring the endpoints of the communication to expect packet loss, duplication, reordering and corruption, so that these conditions do not damage data integrity, and only reduce throughput by a proportional amount. Recovery from errors in fault-tolerant systems can be characterised as either 'roll-forward' or 'roll-back'. When the system detects that it has made an error, roll-forward recovery takes the system state at that time and corrects it, to be able to move forward. Roll-back recovery reverts the system state back to some earlier, correct version, for example using checkpointing, and moves forward from there. Roll-back recovery requires that the operations between the checkpoint and the detected erroneous state can be made idempotent. Some systems make use of both roll-forward and roll-back recovery for different errors or different parts of one error.
References
- Fault-tolerant computer system design book contents. Dhiraj K. Pradhan, Pages: 135 – 138 1996 ISBN:0-13-057887-8
- Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems: Second International Symposium, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, January 8–10, 1992, Proceedings By Jan Vytopil Contributor Jan Vytopil, Published by Springer, 1991, ISBN:3-540-55092-5, 978-3-540-55092-1
- Fault-tolerant computer system design book contents. Dhiraj K. Pradhan, Pages: 221 – 235 1996 ISBN:0-13-057887-8
- Daniel P. Siewiorek; C. Gordon Bell; Allen Newell (1982). Computer Structures: Principles and Examples. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-057302-6. http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/bell_gordon/bell.computer_structures_principles_and_examples.1982.102630397.pdf.
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- Ray Holt. "The F14A Central Air Data Computer, and the LSI Technology State-of-the-Art in 1968". http://www.firstmicroprocessor.com/documents/lsistate-97.pdf
- Fault tolerant computing in computer design Neilforoshan, M.R Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges archive Volume 18 , Issue 4 (April 2003) Pages: 213 – 220, ISSN 1937-4771
- Reliability Evaluation of Some Fault-Tolerant Computer Architectures By Shunji Osaki, Toshihiko Nishio Published by Springer, 1980 ISBN:3-540-10274-4, 978-3-540-10274-8
- Rinard, Martin; Cadar, Cristian; Dumitran, Daniel; Roy, Daniel M.; Leu, Tudor; Beebee, William S. (2004), "Enhancing server availability and security through failure-oblivious computing", Enhancing server availability and security through failure-oblivious computing, Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Operating Systems Design & Implementation, 6, Berkeley, CA: USENIX Association
- Durieux, Thomas; Hamadi, Youssef; Yu, Zhongxing; Baudry, Benoit; Monperrus, Martin (2018). Exhaustive Exploration of the Failure-Oblivious Computing Search Space. doi:10.1109/ICST.2018.00023. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.09722.
- Keromytis, Angelos D. (2007), "Characterizing Software Self-Healing Systems", in Gorodetski, Vladimir I.; Kotenko, Igor; Skormin, Victor A., Characterizing Software Self-Healing Systems, Computer network security: Fourth International Conference on Mathematical Methods, Models, and Architectures for Computer Network Security, Springer, ISBN 3-540-73985-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=N2uIjckxHSoC&pg=PA27&dq=failure-oblivious&hl=en&ei=gmlSTc7aD4nUvQPZwMXPCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=failure-oblivious&f=false
- Long, Fan; Sidiroglou-Douskos, Stelios; Rinard, Martin (2014). "Automatic Runtime Error Repair and Containment via Recovery Shepherding". Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI '14'. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 227–238. doi:10.1145/2594291.2594337. ISBN 978-1-4503-2784-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145%2F2594291.2594337
