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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rita Xu | -- | 1071 | 2022-11-09 01:35:37 |
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An internationalized country code top-level domain is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. IDN ccTLDs are specially encoded domain names that are displayed in an end user application, such as a web browser, in their language-native script or alphabet, such as the Arabic alphabet, or a non-alphabetic writing system, such as Chinese characters. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the internationalized domain name system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, or independent geographic regions. Although the domain class uses the term code, some of these ccTLDs are not codes but full words. For example, السعودية (as-Suʻūdiyya) is not an abbreviation of "Saudi Arabia", but the common short-form name of the country in Arabic. Countries with internationalized ccTLDs also retain their traditional ASCII-based ccTLDs. As of August 2018 there are 59 approved internationalized country code top-level domains, of them at least 47 used. The most used are .рф (Russia) with over 900,000 domains names, .台灣 (Taiwan) with around 500,000 and .中国 (China) with over 200,000 domains. Still as of 2018 around 20 countries using non-Latin script do not have an internationalized country code top-level domain, including Japan .
References
- "Proposed Final Implementation Plan for IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process" (PDF). ICANN. 2009-09-30. http://ccnso.icann.org/workinggroups/idnc-wg-board-proposal-25jun08.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process". ICANN. http://www.icann.org/en/topics/idn/fast-track/.
- "ICANN Bringing the Languages of the World to the Global Internet" (Press release). Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). 30 October 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009. https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30oct09-en.htm
- "Internet addresses set for change". BBC News Online. 2009-10-30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8333194.stm. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "First IDN ccTLDs Requests Successfully Pass String Evaluation". ICANN. 2010-01-21. http://icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-21jan10-en.htm.
- "'Historic' day as first non-Latin web addresses go live". BBC News Online. May 6, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10100108.stm. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
- "First IDN ccTLDs now available" (Press release). ICANN. May 5, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-06. http://blog.icann.org/2010/05/idn-cctlds/
- "The internet gets international with the arrival of non-Latin Domain Names". The Independent. Relaxnews. May 7, 2010. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/the-internet-gets-international-with-the-arrival-of-nonlatin-domain-names-1967712.html. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- Peter Sayer (June 25, 2010). "Chinese language top-level domains win ICANN approval". Computerworld. http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9178525/Chinese_language_top_level_domains_win_ICANN_approval. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- "Adopted Board Resolutions — Brussels – 25 June 2010". ICANN. http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/resolutions-25jun10-en.htm. Retrieved June 26, 2010. (Note: In these minutes, the encodings of the two CNNIC-delegated ccTLDs have inadvertently been swapped.)
- "Implementation Plan of .中国 (xn--fiqs8S) and .中國 (xn--fiqz9S)". CNNIC. June 12, 2010. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100614004813/http://www.cnnic.cn/html/Dir/2010/06/12/5852.htm. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- "TWNIC's Registration Policy and Technical Solution for the .台灣 and .台湾 IDN ccTLDs". TWNIC. http://www.twnic.net/english/dn/dn_07a.htm. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- ".УКР is going live". Habr. March 21, 2013. http://habrahabr.ru/post/173717/. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
