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HandWiki. Secondary Treatment. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33504 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Secondary Treatment. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33504. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Secondary Treatment" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33504 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 08). Secondary Treatment. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33504
HandWiki. "Secondary Treatment." Encyclopedia. Web. 08 November, 2022.
Secondary Treatment
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:Secondary_treatment

Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage treatment plant with physical phase separation to remove settleable solids and a biological process to remove dissolved and suspended organic compounds. After this kind of treatment, the wastewater may be called as secondary-treated wastewater. Secondary treatment is the portion of a sewage treatment sequence removing dissolved and colloidal compounds measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Secondary treatment is traditionally applied to the liquid portion of sewage after primary treatment has removed settleable solids and floating material. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, aquatic microorganisms in a managed aerobic habitat. Bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, and organic short-chain carbon molecules from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent) while reproducing to form cells of biological solids. Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40 °C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels operate at between 4 °C and 32 °C.

effluent quality colloidal biological process

References

  1. Abbett, p.19-28
  2. Abbett, p.19-20
  3. "Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant". City of San Diego. http://www.sandiego.gov/mwwd/facilities/ptloma/. Retrieved 5 January 2015. 
  4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D.C. "Secondary Treatment Regulation: Secondary treatment." 40 C.F.R. 133.102 Code of Federal Regulations. 1984-10-16. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/delivery/get-cfr.action?TYPE=TEXT&YEAR=current&TITLE=40&PART=133&SECTION=102
  5. EPA (1984). "Secondary Treatment Regulation: Special considerations." 40 C.F.R. 133.103; and "Treatment equivalent to secondary treatment." 40 C.F.R. 133.105 https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/delivery/get-cfr.action?TYPE=TEXT&YEAR=current&TITLE=40&PART=133&SECTION=103
  6. Fair, Geyer & Okun, p.34-1
  7. King, p.703
  8. Hammer, p.308
  9. Metcalf & Eddy, pp.386-395
  10. EPA (2004). "Primer for Municipal Waste water Treatment Systems." Document no. EPA 832-R-04-001. http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/primer.pdf
  11. Hammer, p.301-306
  12. Metcalf & Eddy, pp.533-542
  13. Steel & McGhee, pp.492-493
  14. Metcalf & Eddy, pp.482-533
  15. EPA (1999). "Sequencing Batch Reactors." Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet. Document no. EPA 832-F-99-073. http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/sbr_new.pdf
  16. Hammer, Mark J. (1975). Water and Waste-Water Technology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 390–391. ISBN 0-471-34726-4. 
  17. EPA. Washington, DC (2007). "Membrane Bioreactors." Wastewater Management Fact Sheet. http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/upload/2008_01_23_mtb_etfs_membrane-bioreactors.pdf
  18. Forster, Richard. "Mark van Loosdrecht – Professor at Delft University of Technology". International Water Association. http://www.thesourcemagazine.org/mark-van-loosdrecht-professor-at-delft-university-of-technology/. Retrieved 24 April 2016. 
  19. Beychok, M.R. (1971). "Performance of surface-aerated basins". Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series 67 (107): 322–339.  Available at CSA Illumina website http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=7112203&q=&uid=788301038&setcookie=yes
  20. Maine Department of Environmental Protection. Augusta, ME. "Aerated Lagoons – Wastewater Treatment." Maine Lagoon Systems Task Force. Accessed 2010-07-11. http://www.lagoonsonline.com
  21. Reed, Middlebrooks & Crites, pp.170-201
  22. Franson, Mary Ann Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 14th Edition (1976) American Public Health Association ISBN:0-87553-078-8 pp.89-95&543-544
  23. EPA (July 1983). An Emerging Technology: The Biological Aerated Filter. United States Government Printing Office. 
  24. "Black & Veatch, Inc. leaflet". Archived from the original on October 26, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101026171954/http://bv.com/Downloads/Resources/Brochures/rsrc_WTR_IFASMBBR.pdf. Retrieved 2015-01-03. .
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