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HandWiki. Tollmann's Hypothetical Bolide. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33459 (accessed on 11 October 2026).
HandWiki. Tollmann's Hypothetical Bolide. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33459. Accessed October 11, 2026.
HandWiki. "Tollmann's Hypothetical Bolide" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33459 (accessed October 11, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 08). Tollmann's Hypothetical Bolide. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33459
HandWiki. "Tollmann's Hypothetical Bolide." Encyclopedia. Web. 08 November, 2022.
Tollmann's Hypothetical Bolide
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Alexander Tollmann's bolide, proposed by Kristan-Tollmann and Tollmann in 1994, is a hypothesis presented by Austrian geologist Alexander Tollmann, suggesting that one or several bolides (asteroids or comets) struck the Earth at 7640 BCE (±200), with a much smaller one at 3150 BCE (±200). If true, this hypothesis explains early Holocene extinctions and possibly legends of the Universal Deluge. The claimed evidence for the event includes stratigraphic studies of tektites, dendrochronology, and ice cores (from Camp Century, Greenland) containing hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid (indicating an energetic ocean strike) as well as nitric acids (caused by extreme heating of air). Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas in their book, Uriel's Machine, argue that the 7640 BCE evidence is consistent with the dates of formation of a number of extant salt flats and lakes in dry areas of North America and Asia. They argue that these lakes are the result remains of multiple-kilometer-high waves that penetrated deeply into continents as the result of oceanic strikes that they proposed occurred.

hydrochloric acid holocene bolide

References

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